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含氮污/废水处理技术研究进展与展望

杨武霖,  王小军,  马亚梅,  史玉乾,  纪成成,  叶正芳,  李超

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文章导航 > 环境工程  > 2026 >  44(3): 11-29
杨武霖, 王小军, 马亚梅, 史玉乾, 纪成成, 叶正芳, 李超. 含氮污/废水处理技术研究进展与展望[J]. 环境工程, 2026, 44(3): 11-29. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603002
引用本文: 杨武霖, 王小军, 马亚梅, 史玉乾, 纪成成, 叶正芳, 李超. 含氮污/废水处理技术研究进展与展望[J]. 环境工程, 2026, 44(3): 11-29. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603002
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YANG Wulin, WANG Xiaojun, MA Yamei, SHI Yuqian, JI Chengcheng, YE Zhengfang, LI Chao. Research progress and prospects in nitrogenous wastewater treatment technologies[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2026, 44(3): 11-29. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603002
Citation: YANG Wulin, WANG Xiaojun, MA Yamei, SHI Yuqian, JI Chengcheng, YE Zhengfang, LI Chao. Research progress and prospects in nitrogenous wastewater treatment technologies[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2026, 44(3): 11-29. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603002
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含氮污/废水处理技术研究进展与展望

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603002

  • 1. 北京大学 环境科学与工程学院，北京 100871;

  • 2. 河流生态系统全物质通量国家环境保护重点实验室，北京 100871;

  • 3. 水沙科学教育部重点实验室，北京 100871;

  • 4. 甘肃银光化学工业集团有限公司，甘肃 白银 730900

详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨武霖（1989—），男，研究员，主要研究方向为低碳电化学与高级氧化水处理。wulin.yang@pku.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    叶正芳（1965—），男，二级教授，主要研究方向为固定化微生物污水处理技术。yezhengfang101411@pku.edu.cn；叶正芳（1965—），男，二级教授，主要研究方向为固定化微生物污水处理技术。yezhengfang101411@pku.edu.cn

Research progress and prospects in nitrogenous wastewater treatment technologies

  • 1. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering，Peking University，Beijing 100871，China;

  • 2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems，Beijing 100871，China;

  • 3. The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences，Ministry of Education，Beijing 100871，China;

  • 4. Gansu Yinguang Chemical Industry Group Co. Ltd.，Baiyin 730900，China

    摘要
  • 摘要: 随着城镇化与工业化进程不断深入，含氮污染物的排放量持续增加，若不经有效处理直接排入自然环境，将加剧水环境氮素污染。当前，污/废水处理正处于由传统“以能耗能”的污染物削减向“减污降碳、协同增效”转型的关键阶段，绿色、可持续的脱氮技术已成为水污染控制的研究热点与前沿。基于此，全面分析了我国污/废水氮污染的现状，系统梳理了各行业含氮污/废水的水质特征，指出其普遍存在的浓度跨度大、种类多样、难降解等治理痛点。综述了物理化学法、生物法、电化学/生物电化学法及高级氧化法等先进脱氮技术的原理与适用场景，分析了各类技术的处理效能、优势及局限性，特别聚焦于高级氧化技术在难降解含氮污染物治理中的应用。指出未来应进一步发展低能耗、低药耗的生物脱氮工艺，加强电化学、高级氧化等技术与传统生物法的耦合，提升污/废水处理效能、降低处理成本，全面支撑国家水处理“双碳”战略与社会可持续发展目标。
    Abstract: Nitrogenous pollutant discharges are rising with urbanization and industrialization， and their untreated release worsens aquatic nitrogen pollution. Currently， nitrogen removal from municipal and industrial wastewater is transitioning from an energy-intensive model to strategies emphasizing pollution reduction， carbon mitigation， and synergistic efficiency. Green and sustainable nitrogen removal technologies represent a key research frontier in water pollution control. This review systematically examined nitrogen pollution in China's wastewater， characterized nitrogen-laden industrial effluents， and highlighted challenges such as wide concentration ranges， complex compositions， and treatment recalcitrance. Based on this analysis， this paper comprehensively reviewed the principles and applications of advanced nitrogen removal technologies， including physicochemical， biological， electrochemical/bioelectrochemical， and advanced oxidation processes. Their treatment efficiency， advantages， and limitations were analyzed， with special emphasis on the application of advanced oxidation processes for refractory nitrogenous pollutants. Future efforts should prioritize adopting low-energy， low-chemical-consumption biological nitrogen removal processes， integrate electrochemical and advanced oxidation processes with conventional methods， enhance overall treatment efficiency， and reduce costs. These advancements are pivotal for achieving China's Dual Carbon Goals and advancing sustainable development.
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