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反硝化过程中微生物间电子传递机制及调控研究进展

江佳欣,  方芳,  张佳玲,  罗景阳,  操家顺

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文章导航 > 环境工程  > 2026 >  44(3): 46-57
江佳欣, 方芳, 张佳玲, 罗景阳, 操家顺. 反硝化过程中微生物间电子传递机制及调控研究进展[J]. 环境工程, 2026, 44(3): 46-57. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603004
引用本文: 江佳欣, 方芳, 张佳玲, 罗景阳, 操家顺. 反硝化过程中微生物间电子传递机制及调控研究进展[J]. 环境工程, 2026, 44(3): 46-57. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603004
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JIANG Jiaxin, FANG Fang, ZHANG Jialing, LUO Jingyang, CAO Jiashun. Research progress on interspecies electron transfer mechanisms and their regulation in denitrification systems[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2026, 44(3): 46-57. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603004
Citation: JIANG Jiaxin, FANG Fang, ZHANG Jialing, LUO Jingyang, CAO Jiashun. Research progress on interspecies electron transfer mechanisms and their regulation in denitrification systems[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2026, 44(3): 46-57. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603004
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反硝化过程中微生物间电子传递机制及调控研究进展

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603004

  • 1. 河海大学 环境学院 浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室，南京 210098;

  • 2. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所，南京 210042

基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目（52170032，51878244）

详细信息
    作者简介:

    江佳欣（2001—），女，研究生，主要研究方向为污水处理与资源化利用。16652721733@163.com

    通讯作者:

    方芳（1982—），女，教授，主要研究方向为污水生物处理及资源化。ffang65@hhu.edu.cn；方芳（1982—），女，教授，主要研究方向为污水生物处理及资源化。ffang65@hhu.edu.cn

Research progress on interspecies electron transfer mechanisms and their regulation in denitrification systems

  • 1. Key Laboratory of Shallow Lake Integrated Management and Resource Development，Ministry of Education，College of Environment，Hohai University，Nanjing 210098，China;

  • 2. Nanjing Research Institute of Environmental Sciences，Ministry of Ecology and Environment，Nanjing 210042，China

    摘要
  • 摘要: 反硝化过程是污水深度脱氮的关键环节，其本质是微生物驱动的电子传递平衡过程。随着脱氮研究从宏观指标向微观调控转变，从电子流视角探究反硝化机制已成为当前研究前沿。系统综述了反硝化过程中电子流的理论基础，比较了异养与自养反硝化菌胞内电子传递路径及其能量分配特征，重点阐述了以醌池为核心的电子汇集与再分配作用。同时，从微生物种间相互作用角度总结了间接种间电子传递（IIET）与直接种间电子传递（DIET）机制，分析了混合体系中不同微生物在电子供体与电子受体利用过程中的竞争与协同关系。在此基础上，进一步讨论了碳源类型、pH、氧化还原电位及共存污染物对电子传递链及电子分配路径的影响机制。最后，针对当前电子通量原位量化手段匮乏等挑战，提出了多尺度原位表征技术突破、新型电子传导材料开发及智能化电子流调控模型的未来研究方向，旨在为实现低碳、高效的生物脱氮工艺提供理论基础与技术支撑。
    Abstract: Denitrification is a critical process for advanced nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment， fundamentally governed by microbially driven electron transfer and electron allocation. As research has shifted from macroscopic treatment metrics toward microscopic regulation， elucidating denitrification mechanisms from an electron-flow perspective has emerged as a major research frontier. This review systematically summarized the theoretical framework of electron flow in denitrification systems， compared intracellular electron transport pathways and energy allocation characteristics between heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifiers， and highlighted the central role of the quinone pool in electron collection and redistribution. Furthermore， from the perspective of interspecies microbial interactions， recent advances in indirect interspecies electron transfer （IIET） and direct interspecies electron transfer （DIET） were summarized， and competitive as well as cooperative interactions among microorganisms in mixed systems during electron donor and electron acceptor utilization were analyzed. Building on this framework， the impacts of carbon source characteristics， pH， oxidation-reduction potential （ORP）， and coexisting contaminants on electron transport chains and electron allocation pathways were further discussed. Finally， in light of current limitations in the in situ quantification of electron fluxes， future research directions were proposed， including the development of multi-scale in situ characterization techniques， novel electron-conductive materials， and intelligent electron-flow regulation models.
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