进水冲击引发的活性污泥微生物群落变化及工艺调控

高晨晨; 郑兴灿; 游佳; 陈轶; 尚巍; 孙永利; 杨敏

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202603007

进水冲击引发的活性污泥微生物群落变化及工艺调控

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603007

1. 中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司，天津 300074

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划“资源循环-能源自给型污水处理厂构建关键技术与沿江群链式应用研究”（2023YFC3207600）

详细信息

作者简介:
高晨晨（1986—），女，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为城镇排水和污水处理的政策与技术研究。hellogcc@126.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-11
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-11
- 刊出日期: 2026-03-01

Response of activated sludge microbial communities to influent quality shock loading and corresponding process control

1. North China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.，Ltd.，Tianjin 300074，China

摘要

摘要: 以北方某大型城市污水处理厂为研究对象，系统探究了进水水质异常变动对活性污泥微生物群落结构的影响特征及相应的调控策略。结果表明：进水冲击引起活性污泥微生物群落结构发生剧烈变化，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）核心功能菌群的相对丰度分别下降了55.30%和44.35%，群落多样性降低，硝化功能减弱，出水氨氮浓度升高；与此同时，绿菌门（Chlorobi）SJA-28菌属等耐冲击菌群快速增殖，相对丰度较正常期增加了5.68倍，在一定程度上维持了系统对污染物去除能力，体现出活性污泥系统具有较强的抗冲击与自我恢复能力。通过实施缩短泥龄、增加乙酸钠与除磷药剂投加量等调控措施，可促进功能菌群的快速恢复，建议在实际运行中结合进水水质特征和温度条件等综合确定泥龄调控策略，提升污水处理系统应对冲击负荷的稳定性。
- 城市污水 /
- 活性污泥 /
- 进水冲击 /
- 功能菌群 /
- 调控策略
Abstract: This study took a large municipal wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） in northern China as the research object， and systematically investigated the influence characteristics and response mechanism of abnormal influent shock load on the structure of activated sludge microbial community. The results showed that influent shock caused drastic changes in the structure of activated sludge microbial community： the abundances of core functional flora such as Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes decreased significantly by 55.30% and 44.35%， respectively； the community diversity was reduced， the nitrification function was weakened， and the concentration of effluent ammonia nitrogen increased. Meanwhile， shock-resistant flora such as the genus SJA-28 within Chlorobi proliferated rapidly， showing a 5.68-fold increase in relative abundance compared to the normal period， which helped sustain the pollutant removal capacity of the system to some extent. These findings confirmed that the activated sludge system has strong shock resistance and self-recovery capacity. The implementation of regulatory measures such as shortening sludge retention time （SRT） and increasing the dosage of sodium acetate and phosphorus removal chemicals was shown to be conducive to the rapid recovery of functional flora. Based on these findings， it is suggested that in practical operation， SRT adjustment strategies should be flexibly adjusted according to influent quality characteristics and temperature conditions， so as to improve the stability and resilience of the wastewater treatment system in responding to shock loading.
- municipal wastewater /
- activated sludge /
- influent shock loading /
- function flora /
- process control measures

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