高原湖泊农药赋存特征、来源解析与生态风险评估：以滇池为例

王加林; 周率; 程晨; 周洵; 李新华; 罗景阳; 刘建超

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202604001

高原湖泊农药赋存特征、来源解析与生态风险评估：以滇池为例

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202604001

王加林¹,
周率²,
程晨³,
周洵⁴,
李新华⁴,
罗景阳⁵,
刘建超^1,5, ,

1. 河海大学环境学院流域水循环与水安全全国重点实验室, 南京 210098;
2. 南京市供水节水指导中心, 南京 210004;
3. 昆明市滇池高原湖泊研究院, 昆明 650000;
4. 苏州市自来水有限公司, 江苏苏州 215002;
5. 河海大学浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室, 南京 210098

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目（52179063，U23A2058）；江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20221505）

详细信息

作者简介:
王加林(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为新污染物环境行为及生态风险。wjlin2313050@163.com

通讯作者:
刘建超(1985—),男,教授,主要研究方向为新污染物环境行为及治理。jianchao-liu@hhu.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 0
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 0
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-30
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-06
- 刊出日期: 2026-04-01

Occurrence characteristics， source apportionment， and ecological risk assessment of pesticides in plateau lakes: a case study of Dianchi Lake

1. State Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
2. Nanjing Water Supply and Water Conservation Guidance Center, Nanjing 210004, China;
3. Kunming Dianchi and Plateau Lakes Institute, Kunming 650000, China;
4. Suzhou Water Supply Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215002, China;
5. Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

摘要

摘要: 以典型的受农业活动影响的高原湖泊——滇池为研究对象，系统调查了水体中160种农药的赋存特征、多维空间分布规律、主要来源及生态风险。结果表明：滇池水体中共检出37种农药，总浓度为64.2~1132.8 ng/L（平均浓度为610.0 ng/L），啶酰菌胺（BOS）、氟啶酰菌胺（FPC）和烯酰吗啉（DMM）杀菌剂为优势单体，三者对总浓度的贡献率高达65.0%。在水平空间上，受南部高强度设施农业影响，南部湖区浓度（672.5 ng/L）显著高于北部，高疏水性农药［如戊菌唑（PEN）］表现出向底层富集的迁移趋势。源解析结果显示：入湖河流和污水处理厂尾水是滇池农药的主要输入源，其平均浓度分别为湖泊水体的7，9倍。滇池水体中农药对水生生物的风险主要表现为藻类>溞类>鱼类，其中扑草净（PMT）是藻类的高风险因子，而丙溴磷（PFF）和多菌灵（CBD）则对高营养级生物构成潜在威胁。研究成果为典型高原湖泊水体中农药的赋存特征、来源解析及生态风险提供基础数据和技术支撑。
- 高原湖泊 /
- 农药 /
- 空间分布 /
- 来源解析 /
- 生态风险
Abstract: This study systematically investigated the occurrence， multi-dimensional spatial distribution， sources， and ecological risks of 160 pesticides in Dianchi Lake， a typical plateau lake impacted by agricultural activities. The results showed that a total of 37 pesticides were detected in the water of Dianchi Lake， with a total concentration range of 64.2 to 1132.8 ng/L （average concentration： 610.0 ng/L）. Fungicides such as boscalid （BOS）， fluopicolide （FPC）， and dimethomorph （DMM） were the dominant compounds. accounting for up to 65.0% of the total concentration. Spatially， concentrations in the southern lake region （672.5 ng/L） were significantly higher than those in the north due to intensive facility agriculture， and highly hydrophobic pesticides （e.g.， penconazole （PEN）） showed a migration trend of enrichment towards the bottom layer. Source apportionment results indicated that inflowing rivers and wastewater treatment plant effluents were the main input sources of pesticides in Dianchi Lake， with average concentrations being 7 and 9 times higher than those in the lake water， respectively. The ecological risk of pesticides to aquatic organisms in Dianchi Lake was ranked as algae > daphnia > fish. Prometryn （PMT） was identified as a high-risk factor for algae， while profenofos （PFF） and carbendazim （CBD） posed potential threats to organisms at higher trophic levels. These findings provide fundamental data and technical support for understanding the occurrence characteristics， source apportionment， and ecological risks of pesticides in typical plateau lake waters.
- plateau lake /
- pesticides /
- spatial distribution /
- source apportionment /
- ecological risk

HTML全文

参考文献(43)

[1]	ABUQAMAR S F，EL-SAADONY M T，ALKAFAAS S S，et al. Ecological impacts and management strategies of pesticide pollution on aquatic life and human beings［J］. Marine Pollution Bulletin，2024，206：116613.
[2]	LAU Y Y，HERNANDES E，KRISTANTI R A，et al. Exploring the potential of composting for bioremediation of pesticides in agricultural sector［J］. Industrial and Domestic Waste Management，2023，3（1）：47- 66.
[3]	CONNOR M S，DAVIS J A，LEATHERBARROW J，et al. The slow recovery of San Francisco Bay from the legacy of organochlorine pesticides［J］. Environmental Research，2007，105（1）：87- 100.
[4]	SHEKHAR C，KHOSYA R，THAKUR K，et al. A systematic review of pesticide exposure，associated risks，and long-term human health impacts［J］. Toxicology Reports，2024，13：101840.
[5]	ATAEI M，ABDOLLAHI M. A systematic review of mechanistic studies on the relationship between pesticide exposure and cancer induction［J］. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology，2022，456：116280.
[6]	ABDEL-KHALEK A A，AL-QURAISHY S，ABDEL-GABER R. Long-term exposure to the water of wadi el-rayan lakes induced testicular damage and endocrine disruption in mugil cephalus［J］. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology，2022，108（4）：663- 671.
[7]	YANG H，FU H，ZHAO Y，et al. Antibiotic resistance genes in multi-matrices of Chaohu Lake：spatiotemporal variation and correlation with pesticides and PPCPs［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2025，497：139604.
[8]	GUO S，ZHANG S，ZHANG J，et al. Occurrence，residue level，distribution and risk assessment of pesticides in the typical polder areas of Lake Dongting［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2025，496：139530.
[9]	WANG X，YU S，WANG H，et al. Occurrence and ecological risks assessment of representative herbicides in a plateau alkali lake：Implications water management in prairie lakes［J］. Ecological Indicators，2024，163：112099.
[10]	YANG Y，YUN X，LIU M，et al. Concentrations，distributions，sources，and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in surface water of the East Lake，China［J］. Environmental Science and Pollution Research，2014，21（4）：3041- 3050.
[11]	CHEN C，LUO J，SHU X，et al. Spatio-temporal variations and ecological risks of organochlorine pesticides in surface waters of a plateau lake in China［J］. Chemosphere，2022，303（Pt 1）：135029.
[12]	CAI F，SHEN J，WANG X，et al. Pesticide dynamics and risk assessment in a plateau lake：Multiphase partitioning，drivers，and distribution in Southwestern China［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2025，487：137171.
[13]	ZHAO Q，MA L，BU C，et al. Occurrence and differential spatiotemporal distribution of pesticides in a plateau lake basin with intensive vegetable cultivation：A case study in Qilu Lake Basin［J］. Environmental Research，2026，294：123888.
[14]	ZHAO W W，YANG H T，XU N，et al. Pollution levels，distribution，sources and risk assessment of pesticides in surface water of Wuliangsuhai Lake and Hulun Lake［J］. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology，2025，20（1）：95- 108. 赵雯雯，杨慧婷，许诺，等. 乌梁素海和呼伦湖表层水体中农药的污染水平、来源分布及风险评估［J］. 生态毒理学报，2025，20（1）：95- 108.
[15]	WANG S，WU L，WANG Z，et al. Occurrence，vertical distribution and transport of organic amine pesticides in the seawater from the East China Sea and the South China Sea［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2023，860：160487.
[16]	TSUDA T，IGAWA T，TANAKA K，et al. Changes of concentrations，shipment amounts and ecological risk of pesticides in river water flowing into Lake Biwa［J］. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology，2011，87（3）：307- 311.
[17]	KIM H，CHOI Y，KIM S D. Impact of wastewater treatment plants on pesticide contamination in the Yeongsan River basin and prioritization of pesticides in wastewater treatment plant effluents［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2025，494：138660.
[18]	ZHANG Y，QIN P，LU S，et al. Occurrence and risk evaluation of organophosphorus pesticides in typical water bodies of Beijing，China［J］. Environmental Science and Pollution Research，2021，28（2）：1454- 1463.
[19]	PINTADO-HERRERA M G，WANG C，LU J，et al. Distribution，mass inventories，and ecological risk assessment of legacy and emerging contaminants in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary in China［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2017，323：128- 138.
[20]	PALMA P，KöCK-SCHULMEYER M，ALVARENGA P，et al. Risk assessment of pesticides detected in surface water of the Alqueva reservoir（Guadiana basin，southern of Portugal）［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2014，488-489：208- 219.
[21]	BHUTTO S U A，XING X，SHI M，et al. Occurrence and distribution of OCPs and PAHs in water，soil and sediment of Daye lake［J］. Journal of Geochemical Exploration，2021，226：106769.
[22]	ZHI H，ZHAO Z，ZHANG L. The fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）and organochlorine pesticides（OCPs）in water from Poyang Lake，the largest freshwater lake in China［J］. Chemosphere，2015，119：1134- 1140.
[23]	CHEN L，ZHANG S. Dissipation and Residues of boscalid in strawberries and soils［J］. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology，2010，84（3）：301- 304.
[24]	SHARMA K K，SHUKLA V R，PATEL A R，et al. Multilocation field trials for risk assessment of a combination fungicide Fluopicolide + Propamocarb in tomato［J］. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment，2016，188（11）：604.
[25]	LIANG H，LI L，LI W，et al. Dissipation and residue of dimethomorph in pepper and soil under field conditions［J］. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety，2011，74（5）：1331- 1335.
[26]	LI Z M，FU Y，MA X T，et al. Spatiotemporal distribution and comprehensive control of non-point source pesticide Pollution in Dianchi Lake［J］. Primary Agricultural Technology Extension，2013，1（11）：35- 40. 李志敏，傅杨，马雪涛，等. 滇池面源农药污染的时空分布及综合控制［J］. 基层农技推广，2013，1（11）：35- 40.
[27]	WANG T，ZHONG M，LU M，et al. Occurrence，spatiotemporal distribution，and risk assessment of current-use pesticides in surface water：a case study near Taihu Lake，China［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2021，782：146826.
[28]	WANG Y，WAN Y，LI S，et al. Occurrence，spatial variation，seasonal difference，and risk assessment of neonicotinoid insecticides，selected agriculture fungicides，and their transformation products in the Yangtze River，China：From the upper to lower reaches［J］. Water Research，2023，247：120724.
[29]	RABY M，LISSEMORE L，KALTENECKER G，et al. Characterizing the exposure of streams in southern Ontario to agricultural pesticides［J］. Chemosphere，2022，294：133769.
[30]	PAPADAKIS E-N，TSABOULA A，VRYZAS Z，et al. Pesticides in the rivers and streams of two river basins in northern Greece［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2018，624：732- 743.
[31]	REILLY T J，SMALLING K L，ORLANDO J L，et al. Occurrence of boscalid and other selected fungicides in surface water and groundwater in three targeted use areas in the United States［J］. Chemosphere，2012，89（3）：228- 234.
[32]	VYMAZAL J，BŘEZINOVá T. The use of constructed wetlands for removal of pesticides from agricultural runoff and drainage：A review［J］. Environment International，2015，75：11- 20.
[33]	SCHULZ R，PEALL S K C. Effectiveness of a constructed wetland for retention of nonpoint-source pesticide pollution in the Lourens River Catchment，South Africa［J］. Environmental Science& Technology，2001，35（2）：422- 426.
[34]	MISHRA J，BOTLAGUDURU V S V. Characterization of stormwater runoff in the powai region of Mumbai［J］. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment，2025，197（5）：577.
[35]	WANG L，ZHENG M，XU H，et al. Fate and ecological risks of current-use pesticides in seawater and sediment of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea［J］. Environmental Research，2022，207：112673.
[36]	ZHANG J，SUN W，SHI C，et al. Investigation of organochlorine pesticides in the Wang Lake Wetland，China：Implications for environmental processes and risks［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2023，898：165450.
[37]	CORCORAN S，METCALFE C D，SULTANA T，et al. Pesticides in surface waters in argentina monitored using polar organic chemical integrative samplers［J］. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology，2020，104（1）：21- 26.
[38]	KIM H，KIM S D. Pesticides in wastewater treatment plant effluents in the Yeongsan River Basin，Korea：Occurrence and environmental risk assessment［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2024，946：174388.
[39]	CAMPO J，MASIá A，BLASCO C，et al. Occurrence and removal efficiency of pesticides in sewage treatment plants of four Mediterranean River Basins［J］. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2013，263：146- 157.
[40]	ZHANG Y，YIN R，YU X，et al. Occurrence，removal，and ecological risk assessment of emerging organic contaminants in an industrial WWTP［J］. Water Resources and Industry，2025，34：100308.
[41]	YANG Z，ZHAO D，GU J，et al. Investigation of biotoxicity and environmental impact of prometryn on fish and algae coexistent system［J］. Water，2024，16（17）：2531.
[42]	PAMANJI R，YASHWANTH B，BETHU M S，et al. Toxicity effects of profenofos on embryonic and larval development of Zebrafish（Danio rerio）［J］. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology，2015，39（2）：887- 897.
[43]	SILVA A R R，SILVA P V，SOARES A R，et al. Daphnia magna multigeneration exposure to carbendazim：gene transcription responses［J］. Toxics，2023，11（11）：918.