碳毡-铁-壳聚糖电极强化低C/N污水铁自养反硝化脱氮中试

吕同慧; 安法财; 孙德智

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202604008

碳毡-铁-壳聚糖电极强化低C/N污水铁自养反硝化脱氮中试

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202604008

北京林业大学环境与工程学院北京市水体污染源与控制技术重点实验室, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目“异养氨氧化强化垃圾焚烧渗沥液脱氮处理过程的机制与系统优化研究”（52270024）

详细信息

作者简介:
吕同慧(2001—),女,研究生,主要研究方向为水体污染控制技术。lthhcm@163.com

通讯作者:
孙德智(1960—),男,教授,主要从事污染水体源控与生态修复研究。sdzlab@126.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-03-15
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-06
- 刊出日期: 2026-04-01

A pilot-scale study on iron-driven autotrophic denitrification enhanced by CF-Fe-CS cathode for low C/N wastewater treatment

Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 城镇污水处理厂尾水由于其低碳氮比（C/N）特征，用传统异养反硝化工艺深度脱氮需投加大量碳源，导致成本高且易产生二次污染。铁自养反硝化（NAFO）是一种具有应用潜力的反硝化技术，但存在铁源不可持续和易钝化的瓶颈。构建了内置表观填充率为5%的复合阴极碳毡-铁-壳聚糖（CF-Fe-CS）电极，有效容积为200 L，处理能力为100 L/d的CF-Fe-CS/NAFO系统，在阴极施加-1.0 V（vs.Ag/AgCl）恒定电势以实现Fe（Ⅲ）的原位电化学还原。系统在水力停留时间（HRT）为48 h、以ρ（NO₃^--N）为15 mg/L人工配水为进水的连续稳定运行的16~60 d内，系统出水ρ（NO₃^--N）浓度稳定低于6.5 mg/L，总氮（TN）去除率维持在50%~60%；而对照组出水ρ（NO₃^--N）>12 mg/L，TN去除率<20%。在以污水处理厂二沉池出水为进水的第61~74天的连续运行中，系统出水ρ（NO₃^--N）由15.29 mg/L降至6.06 mg/L，TN去除率仍保持在50%以上。将HRT由48 h依次调整为24，12，6，3h的第74~98天的连续运行中，出水ρ（NO₃^--N）浓度分别达到9.5，11.9，13.6，14.6 mg/L，TN去除率分别为32.6%、19.9%、10.9%和5.8%。上述研究结果表明，在无需外加有机碳源的条件下，CF-Fe-CS/NAFO电化学系统能够实现城镇污水处理厂二沉池出水长期、稳定深度脱氮。
- 污水处理厂深度脱氮 /
- 铁自养反硝化 /
- 碳毡-铁-壳聚糖电极 /
- 中试试验
Abstract: The effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） is characterized by a low carbon-to-nitrogen （C/N） ratio in China. Achieving deep nitrogen removal using traditional heterotrophic denitrification processes requires substantial external carbon source addition， leading to high operational costs and potential secondary pollution. Nitrate-dependent ferrous oxidation （NDFO） presents a promising alternative denitrification technology. However， it faces bottlenecks such as unsustainable iron sources and surface passivation. In this study， a pilot-scale electrochemical-biological coupled system （CF-Fe-CS/NAFO） was constructed， featuring a built-in composite cathode （5% apparent filling rate of carbon felt-iron-chitosan， CF-Fe-CS）， an effective volume of 200 L， and a treatment capacity of 100 L/d. A constant potential of -1.0 V （vs. Ag/AgCl） was applied to the cathode to achieve the in-situ electrochemical reduction of Fe（Ⅲ）. In the test reactor， during stable operation from day 16 to 60 with a hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 48 h and synthetic wastewater containing 15 mg/L NO₃^--N， the effluent NO₃^--N concentration remained consistently below 6.5 mg/L， with a total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency of 50% to 60%. In contrast， the control reactor （without an applied potential） showed an effluent NO₃^--N concentration above 12 mg/L and a TN removal efficiency below 20%. During continuous operation from day 61 to 74 using real secondary sedimentation tank effluent from a WWTP （influent NO₃^--N： 15.29 mg/L）， the system reduced the effluent NO₃^--N to 6.06 mg/L， maintaining a TN removal efficiency above 50%. From day 74 to 98， as the HRT was sequentially reduced from 48 h to 24 h， 12 h， 6 h， and 3 h， the corresponding effluent NO₃^--N concentrations increased to 9.5 mg/L， 11.9 mg/L， 13.6 mg/L， and 14.6 mg/L， with TN removal efficiencies of 32.6%， 19.9%， 10.9%， and 5.8%， respectively. These results demonstrate that the CF-Fe-CS/NAFO electrochemical system can achieve long-term， stable， and advanced nitrogen removal from WWTP secondary effluent without the need for an external organic carbon source.
- advanced nitrogen removal from WWTPs /
- iron-driven autotrophic denitrification /
- carbon felt-iron-chitosan cathode /
- pilot-scale experiment

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