泥膜共生体系强化高氨氮工业废水短程硝化厌氧氨氧化脱氮中试

孙昊飞; 李家麟; 孙召强; 张亮

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202605002

泥膜共生体系强化高氨氮工业废水短程硝化厌氧氨氧化脱氮中试

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202605002

1. 北京工业大学环境科学与工程学院城镇污水深度处理与资源化利用国家工程实验室, 北京 100124;
2. 北京泰科智康环保科技有限公司, 北京 102218

基金项目:

热区城镇污水碳氮磷转化的微生物驱动机制解析与低碳处理技术开发（U23A201790）；北京市属高校基本科研业务费资助（054000546325501）

详细信息

通讯作者:
张亮(1986—),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为污水生物处理新技术和新工艺开发优化及智能控制。zliang@bjut.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-08
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-06

Pilot-scale study on a sludge-biofilm symbiotic system for enhancing partial nitrification-anammox in nitrogen removal from high-ammonia nitrogen industrial wastewater

1. National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
2. Beijing Tecozhikang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Beijing 102218, China

摘要

摘要: 一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化（SPN/A）工艺因其启动速度慢、厌氧氨氧化菌（AnAOB）难富集而难以广泛应用。研究利用高氨氮废水，在中试规模的固定生物膜-活性污泥（IFAS）反应器内启动并强化SPN/A工艺，通过构建泥膜共生的IFAS-SPN/A耦合体系，实现IFAS反应器快速启动和AnAOB高效富集。研究采用新式污泥接种策略：先接种普通硝化污泥启动短程硝化，在空白填料上完成氨氧化菌（AOB）的初始定殖；再接种厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）污泥，促使AnAOB在AOB生物膜上高效富集。试验以合成氨工段低温变换冷凝水为进水，废水平均ρ（NH₄⁺-N）达2300 mg/L，ρ（COD）在50~200 mg/L。试验历时180 d，分为3个阶段：短程硝化启动阶段、SPN/A启动阶段和负荷强化阶段。最终，系统在120 d内成功启动SPN/A，并在泥膜两相微生物协同作用下，将TN去除率和去除负荷分别提升至（90.21±2.18） %和（0.31±0.07） kg/（m³·d）。负荷强化阶段，泥膜两相AnAOB相对丰度分别为18.8%和35.3%，成功实现AnAOB的高效富集，去除负荷提升至（0.64±0.11） kg/（m³·d）。研究指出，稳定的进水水质是IFAS-SPN/A耦合体系高效、稳定脱氮的前提，进水氨氮浓度激增是导致NO₂^--N积累失衡和系统脱氮效能恶化的重要因素，在曝气池前增设调节池可有效降低水质波动给系统带来的影响，低氨氮废水的“稀释-重构”策略有利于系统脱氮性能恶化后快速恢复。
- 高氨氮废水 /
- 泥膜共生 /
- 初始定殖 /
- 厌氧氨氧化 /
- 稀释-重构
Abstract: The single-phase partial nitrification and anammox （SPN/A） process has seen limited widespread application due to its slow startup and the difficulties in enriching anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria （AnAOB）. This study utilized high-ammonia nitrogen wastewater to initiate and enhance the SPN/A process in a pilot-scale integrated fixed-film activated sludge （IFAS） reactor. By establishing an IFAS-SPN/A coupled system based on the symbiotic relationship between the biofilm and sludge， rapid startup of the IFAS reactor and efficient enrichment of AnAOB were achieved. An innovative sludge inoculation strategy was employed： firstly， conventional nitrifying sludge was inoculated to initiate shortcut nitrification and allow ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） to colonize blank carriers； subsequently， anammox sludge was inoculated to promote the efficient enrichment of AnAOB on the AOB biofilm. The experiment used low-temperature shift condensation water from the synthetic ammonia workshop as the influent， with an average ammonium nitrogen concentration of 2300 mg/L and a COD concentration ranging from 50 to 200 mg/L. The 180-day experiment was divided into three stages： shortcut nitrification startup， SPN/A startup， and load intensification. Ultimately， the system successfully started up SPN/A within 120 days， and through the synergistic action of biofilm and suspended microorganisms， improved the total nitrogen removal efficiency and removal load to （90.21±2.18）% and （0.31±0.07） kg/（m³·d）， respectively. During the load intensification stage， the relative abundance of AnAOB in the two-phase biofilm increased to 18.8% and 35.3%， achieving efficient AnAOB enrichment， while the removal load increased to （0.64±0.11） kg/（m³·d）. This study indicates that stable influent quality is a prerequisite for efficient and stable nitrogen removal in the IFAS-SPN/A coupled system. A surge in the influent ammonium nitrogen concentration is identified as the key factor leading to the imbalance of nitrite nitrogen accumulation and deterioration of the system's nitrogen removal efficiency. The addition of an equalization tank prior to the aeration tank can effectively mitigate the impact of such water quality fluctuations. Furthermore， the "dilution-reconstruction" strategy for treating low-ammonia nitrogen wastewater is beneficial for the rapid recovery of the system's nitrogen removal performance after a deterioration event.
- high-ammonia nitrogen wastewater /
- sludge-biofilm symbiosis /
- initial colonization /
- anammox /
- dilution-reconstruction

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