青藏高原东北部水库沉积物<i>nosZ</i>型反硝化细菌群落特征及其影响因素

夏亮; 毛旭锋; 魏晓燕; 于红妍; 张乐乐; 杜凯; 杨永潇; 吴艺

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202605007

青藏高原东北部水库沉积物nosZ型反硝化细菌群落特征及其影响因素

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202605007

夏亮^1,2,
毛旭锋^1,2, ,,
魏晓燕³,
于红妍⁴,
张乐乐^1,2,
杜凯^1,2,
杨永潇^1,2,
吴艺^1,2

1. 青海师范大学地理科学学院青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室, 西宁 810008;
2. 青海师范大学青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室, 西宁 810008;
3. 青海师范大学经济管理学院, 西宁 810008;
4. 青海祁连山国家公园青海服务保障中心, 西宁 810400

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目（52070108）；青海省自然科学基项目（2024-ZJ-910）

详细信息

作者简介:
夏亮(2000—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为湿地生态过程。xialiang0971@126.com

通讯作者:
毛旭锋,男,教授,主要研究方向为湿地生态过程。maoxufeng@yeah.net

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-09
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-06

Community characteristics of nosZ-type denitrifiers and their influencing factors in reservoir sediments of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

XIA Liang^1,2,
MAO Xufeng^{1,2
, ,},
WEI Xiaoyan³,
YU Hongyan⁴,
ZHANG Lele^1,2,
DU Kai^1,2,
YANG Yongxiao^1,2,
WU Yi^1,2

1. Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education), Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China;
3. School of Economics and Management, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China;
4. Qinghai Service Guarantee Center, Qinghai Qilian Mountain National Park, Xining 810400, China

摘要

摘要: 水库是氧化亚氮（N₂O）排放的重要场所，而nosZ型反硝化细菌作为N₂O重要的生物汇，在生态系统氮循环过程中扮演着重要角色。为了解水库沉积物nosZ型反硝化细菌群落特征和基因丰度的时空差异，以青藏高原东北部黄河干流流域和湟水河流域的18座水库为研究对象，利用nosZ基因高通量测序和荧光定量PCR技术进行分析，同时通过冗余分析（RDA）和层次分割（rdacca.hp）探究环境因子对nosZ型反硝化细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明：1）青藏高原东北部水库沉积物nosZ型反硝化细菌以变形菌门（Proteobacteria，78.91%）为主。LEfSe分析显示，副球菌属（Paracoccus）、盐单胞菌属（Halomonas）是黄河干流流域的生物标志物，而在属水平上湟水河流域未检测出生物标志物。2）nosZ型反硝化细菌在湟水河流域的多样性高于黄河干流流域（P<0.05），时间上无显著差异（P>0.05）。nosZ基因丰度空间上表现为湟水河流域（165.24×10⁵ copies/g）高于黄河干流流域（34.43×10⁵ copies/g），时间上表现为丰水期（128.55×10⁵ copies/g）高于枯水期（61.27×10⁵ copies/g）（P<0.05）。3）沉积物温度、pH、总磷以及水体总氮显著影响青藏高原东北部水库沉积物nosZ型反硝化细菌群落结构（P<0.05），解释率分别为17.14%、16.89%、13.83%、11.23%。青藏高原东北部不同流域水库沉积物nosZ型反硝化细菌存在显著的时空差异，研究结果有助于深入了解高原地区水库nosZ型反硝化细菌的群落结构特征，为水库N₂O减排提供科学依据。
- 青藏高原 /
- 黄河流域 /
- 高通量测序 /
- 沉积物 /
- 氧化亚氮
Abstract: Reservoirs are increasingly recognized as dynamic inland-water components that can function as both sources and sinks of nitrous oxide （N₂O）， a potent greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting substance. In sedimentary environments， complete denitrification provides the only known biological pathway for reducing N₂O to inert dinitrogen （N₂）， and the functional gene nosZ， which encodes nitrous oxide reductase， is widely used as a molecular marker to assess the N₂O-reduction potential of microbial communities. However， the community characteristics， spatiotemporal variability， and environmental control of nosZ-type denitrifiers in high-altitude reservoir sediments remain insufficiently understood. This study investigated nosZ-type denitrifying bacterial communities and nosZ gene abundance in surface sediments （0 to 15 cm） collected from 18 reservoirs located in the mainstem Yellow River Basin （10 reservoirs） and its tributary basin， the Huangshui River Basin （8 reservoirs）， in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Sampling was conducted during the dry season （May 2023） and wet season （August 2023）， and paired sediment and surface-water physicochemical parameters were measured concurrently. High-throughput sequencing targeting the nosZ gene was employed to profile community composition and diversity， while quantitative PCR （qPCR） was used to quantify absolute nosZ gene copy numbers （copies/g dry sediment） as a proxy for functional potential. Multivariate analysis， including redundancy analysis （RDA） and hierarchical partitioning， were applied to identify key environmental drivers shaping community structure. The results showed that：1） nosZ-type denitrifying bacteria in reservoir sediments of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were dominated by Proteobacteria （78.91%）. LEfSe analysis indicated that Paracoccus and Halomonas were biomarkers for the mainstem of the Yellow River Basin， while no biomarkers were detected in the Huangshui River Basin at the genus level. 2） The diversity of nosZ-type denitrifying bacteria in the Huangshui River Basin was higher than that in the mainstem of the Yellow River Basin （P<0.05）， with no significant difference over time （P>0.05）. The abundance of the nosZ gene was spatially higher in the Huangshui River Basin （165.24×10⁵ copies/g） than in the mainstem of the Yellow River Basin （34.43×10⁵ copies/g）. Temporally， it was also higher in the wet season （128.55×10⁵ copies/g） compared to the dry season （61.27×10⁵ copies/g）（P<0.05）. 3） Sediment temperature （17.14%）， pH （16.89%）， total phosphorus （13.83%）， and total nitrogen （11.23%） in water significantly influenced the community structure of nosZ-type denitrifying bacteria in the reservoir sediments of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （P<0.05）. Collectively， these results demonstrated that nosZ-type denitrifiers in reservoir sediments of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau exhibit clear basin-dependent patterns and significant seasonal shifts in functional gene abundance， and that thermal regime， pH， and nutrient status are critical determinants of community assembly. This study provides an integrated microbial and environmental baseline for plateau reservoirs， improves mechanistic understanding of sedimentary N₂O sinks， and offers scientific support for reservoir N₂O mitigation strategies that consider watershed nutrient management and sediment physicochemical conditions.
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau /
- Yellow River Basin /
- high-throughput sequencing /
- sediments /
- nitrous oxide

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