我国餐饮垃圾厌氧消化现状与碳源化挑战

赵振振; 仇俊杰; 乙杨敏; 黄慧敏; 江桂红; 杨虎君; 张红亮; 何品晶

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202607009

我国餐饮垃圾厌氧消化现状与碳源化挑战

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202607009

1. 同济大学环境科学与工程学院, 上海 200092;
2. 维尔利环保科技集团股份有限公司, 江苏常州 213125

基金项目:

江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目（BE2022426）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵振振（1981—），男，博士研究生，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为有机废弃物资源化利用。zhaozhenzhen@wellegroup.com

通讯作者:
何品晶（1962—），男，二级教授/长聘教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为固废处理与资源化。solidwaste@tongji.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-22
- 网络出版日期: 2026-09-01

Current status of food waste anaerobic digestion and challenges in carbon source production in China

1. College of Environment Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
2. WELLE Environmental Group Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213125, China

摘要

摘要: 餐饮垃圾资源化是我国实施垃圾分类和建设“无废城市”的关键抓手。但是，行业现已逐步认识到厌氧消化的技术路线存在发展瓶颈。选取了东北、华北、西北、华东的工程规模设施，采用物质流分析方法全面评估了现有餐饮垃圾厌氧消化项目的现状。结果表明：在餐饮垃圾预处理工艺段，所有地区餐饮垃圾沥水、有机浆液整体呈现高COD/TN的特性，高油脂含量的沥水在经过油、水、固三相分离处理后，油脂回收率达到98%以上。上述四个地区每吨餐饮垃圾经厌氧消化可产生70~80 m³的沼气，但也同时产生了占总质量69%~80%的沼液和2.7%~3.6%的沼渣。沼液沼渣常年连续产生，与其土地利用的季节性需求不匹配，资源化路径受限。餐饮垃圾制备碳源可大幅提升其资源化利用效率，其经济效益较沼气化路线提升了203%以上。碳源化技术路线的选择需结合目标污水处理工艺的具体脱氮需求、碳源产品质量要求以及商品碳源替代率等因素进行综合确定。
- 餐饮垃圾 /
- 有机浆液 /
- 厌氧消化 /
- 物质流分析 /
- 碳源
Abstract: Resource utilization of food waste is a key measure for implementing waste classification and constructing zero-waste cities in China. However， the technical route based on anaerobic digestion currently faces developmental bottlenecks. In this study， engineering-scale facilities located in Northeast， North， Northwest， and Southeast China were selected， and material flow analysis was employed to comprehensively assess the current status of anaerobic digestion of food waste. The results indicated that， during the pretreatment stage， both leachate and organic slurry from all surveyed regions exhibited high COD/TN ratios， and the leachate contained high concentrations of lipids. Following three-phase （oil-water-solid） separation， the oil recovery rate could reach over 98%. Anaerobic digestion of each ton of food waste from the four regions generated approximately 70 to 80 Nm³ of biogas， while simultaneously producing liquid digestate accounting for 69% to 80% of the total mass and solid digestate accounting for 2.7% to 3.6%. However， the annual continuous production of digestate was not aligned with the seasonal demand for land use， thereby restricting the pathway for resource utilization. Converting food waste into an external carbon source can significantly enhance its resource utilization efficiency， with the economic benefits increasing by more than 203% compared to the methanogenesis pathway. The selection of the carbon source production technology route should be comprehensively determined by taking into account factors such as the specific nitrogen removal requirements of the target wastewater treatment process， the quality requirements for the carbon source products， and the substitution rate of commercial carbon sources.
- food waste /
- organic slurry /
- anaerobic digestion /
- material flow analysis /
- carbon source

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