荔枝木生物炭和木质素降解菌对好氧发酵联合蚯蚓堆肥处理牛粪/稻壳效果影响

谭永浩; 刘杰; 罗梦琴; 苏田炜; 龚小强

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202607012

荔枝木生物炭和木质素降解菌对好氧发酵联合蚯蚓堆肥处理牛粪/稻壳效果影响

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202607012

1. 四川中烟工业有限责任公司长城雪茄烟厂, 四川德阳 618400;
2. 西南科技大学生命科学与农林学院, 四川绵阳 621010

基金项目:

西南科技大学校级自然基金（290-22ZX7116）

详细信息

作者简介:
谭永浩（1998—），男，硕士，主要研究方向为烟叶废弃物资源化利用。tan410324@163.com

通讯作者:
刘杰（1985—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为有机固体废物堆肥化处理。27423580@qq.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-06
- 网络出版日期: 2026-09-01

Effects of lychee wood biochar and lignin-degrading bacteria on performance of aerobic composting coupled with vermicomposting for cow dung and rice husk

1. Great Wall Cigar Factory, Sichuan Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd., Deyang 618400, China;
2. College of Life Science and Agri-Forestry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

摘要

摘要: 为探讨生物炭和木质素降解菌添加对好氧发酵-蚯蚓堆肥联合处理牛粪与稻壳过程腐熟、物质转化和微生物群落结构的影响，以牛粪和稻壳为原料，设置了无添加对照处理（CK）、5% （质量分数）荔枝木生物炭添加（T1）、0.5%（质量分数）木质素降解功能菌（Bacillus subtilis、Aspergillus niger）添加（T2）、5%（质量分数）荔枝木生物炭+0.5%（质量分数）木质素降解功能菌（Bacillus subtilis、Aspergillus niger）添加（T3）共计4种处理进行好氧-蚯蚓联合堆肥试验。结果显示：生物炭或/和木质素降解菌接种（T1—T3）加快了堆体升温，延长了堆肥高温持续时间（达13 d），提高了堆体最高温度。相较于对照CK，生物炭或/和木质素降解菌接种（T1—T3）处理促使有机质降解提高3.97%~9.56%，腐殖酸含量增加12.30%~24.09%，速效磷和速效钾含量分别增加14.48%~32.50%和6.97%~18.85%，NH₃排放减少25.86%~34.26%，NO^-₃-N含量和总氮含量分别提高12.83%~43.34%和5.73%~13.18%，种子发芽指数提高11.62%~29.20%，所有处理中以T3效果最好。生物炭或/和木质素降解菌接种处理能够在好氧堆肥阶段显著提高Bacteroidota、Planctomycetota和Acidobacteriota菌门的相对丰度，但在蚯蚓堆肥阶段作用不显著；并可使功能微生物如Bacillus、Pseudomonas和Chryseolinea菌属的相对丰度在好氧堆肥和蚯蚓堆肥阶段均显著提高。研究表明：在牛粪-稻壳废弃物中添加5%荔枝木生物炭、木质素降解菌进行好氧-蚯蚓联合堆肥，能够改善细菌菌群结构，促进有机质降解，提高堆肥腐殖化程度，减少氮损失，促进堆肥腐熟，且共同添加时效果最好。
- 蚯蚓堆肥 /
- 好氧堆肥 /
- 微生物群落 /
- 腐殖化 /
- 酶活性 /
- 生物炭
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of lychee wood biochar and lignin-degrading bacteria on compost maturity， substance transformation， and bacterial communities during the coupled process of aerobic composting and vermicomposting of cow dung and rice husk， thereby helping process optimization. Four treatments were established： no addition （CK）， 5% （w/w） lychee wood biochar addition （T1）， 0.5% （w/w） lignin-degrading bacteria （Bacillus subtilis，Aspergillus） addition （T2）， and 5% （w/w） lychee wood biochar coupled with 0.5% （w/w） lignin-degrading bacteria （Bacillus subtilis， Aspergillus） addition （T3）. The results showed that， compared with CK， the compost piles supplemented with lychee wood biochar or/and inoculated with lignin-degrading bacteria （T1~T3） exhibited a more rapid temperature rise， a longer duration （13 days） of high temperatures， and higher maximum temperatures. Compared to CK， T1~T3 increased organic matter degradation by 3.97% to 9.56%， improved humus formation by 12.30% to 24.09%， and enhanced available phosphorus and potassium contents by 14.48% to 32.50% and 6.97% to 18.85%， respectively. Furthermore， T1~T3 reduced NH₃ emissions by 25.86% to 34.26%， increased NO^-₃-N and total nitrogen contents by 12.83% to 43.34% and 5.73% to 13.18%， respectively， and improved the germination index by 11.62% to 29.20%. Among all treatments， T3 demonstrated the best overall performance. During the composting stage， T1~T3 increased the relative abundances of bacterial phyla Bacteroidota， Planctomycetota， and Acidobacteriota， whereas no significant effects were observed during the vermicomposting stage. In addition， T1~T3 enriched the key functional bacterial genera Bacillus， Pseudomonas， and Chryseolinea in both the composting and vermicomposting stages. In conclusion， the addition of 5% lychee wood biochar or/and 0.5% lignin-degrading bacteria to cow dung and rice husk mixture in a coupled composting and vermicomposting system could improve the bacterial community structure， promote organic matter degradation， enhance the degree of humification， reduce nitrogen loss， and improve compost maturity. Notably， the combined addition of lychee wood biochar and lignin-degrading bacteria exhibited the best effects.
- vermicompsoting /
- aerobic composting /
- microbial community /
- humification /
- enzyme activity /
- biochar

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参考文献(46)

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