生物炭强化厨余垃圾与剩余污泥厌氧共消化效能研究

吴博文; 郑一江; 张彤; 封莉; 张立秋

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202607020

生物炭强化厨余垃圾与剩余污泥厌氧共消化效能研究

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202607020

吴博文^1,2,
郑一江³,
张彤^1,2,
封莉^1,2,
张立秋^1,2, ,

1. 北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院水体污染源控制技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100083;
2. 北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院污染水体源控制与生态修复技术北京市高等学校工程研究中心, 北京 100083;
3. 华电水务科技股份有限公司, 北京 100160

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3207700）；国家自然科学基金面上资助项目（41977317，42177051，52170021）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴博文（2000—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为污泥处理处置与资源化。1225739429@qq.com

通讯作者:
张立秋（1972—），男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为新污染物去除与控制技术。zhangliqiu@163.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-03-05
- 网络出版日期: 2026-09-01

Efficiency enhancement of anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and excess sludge by biochar

WU Bowen^1,2,
ZHENG Yijiang³,
ZHANG Tong^1,2,
FENG Li^1,2,
ZHANG Liqiu^{1,2
, ,}

1. Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
3. Huadian Water Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100160, China

摘要

摘要: 厨余垃圾与剩余污泥均为具有资源化潜力的城市废物，厌氧消化产甲烷是二者常见的资源化利用方式。针对厨余垃圾厌氧消化过程易酸化和剩余污泥厌氧消化甲烷产率低的问题，研究以厨余垃圾和剩余污泥为底物，在实验室利用半连续装置替代序批式装置进行厌氧共消化，模拟实际应用中的厌氧消化模式，并通过投加生物炭强化其厌氧共消化产甲烷效能。实验设物料配比m（厨余垃圾）∶m（剩余污泥）为4∶1（以挥发性固体计），考察不同生物炭添加量（0.5，1.0，2.5，5.0，10.0 g/L）下混合底物的厌氧共消化效能。结果表明：在添加2.5 g/L生物炭时，混合共消化组甲烷产量最高，系统运行结束时累计产气量与累计产甲烷量分别为17.53，11.63 L，相较于未添加生物炭的空白组分别提升42.10%和39.47%，与热水解污泥相比分别提升34.45%和43.30%；产甲烷迟滞期由（5.65±0.11） d缩短至（4.33±0.12） d；pH、溶解性化学需氧量（SCOD）及挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）浓度均显示出良好的稳定状态，添加生物炭后反应稳定期的VFAs平均含量由1708 mg/L下降至1033 mg/L；在微生物群落结构方面，共消化组呈现最高的微生物多样性，具有直接种间电子传递作用的互养菌门和互养单胞菌属得到了富集，说明生物炭可能通过富集这类微生物来增强产甲烷能力。
- 厨余垃圾 /
- 生物炭 /
- 剩余污泥 /
- 厌氧共消化 /
- 直接种间电子传递
Abstract: Kitchen waste（KW） and excess sludge（ES） represent urban biowastes with significant resource recovery potential， where anaerobic digestion for methane production serves as a prevalent valorization approach. To address the challenges of acidification-prone characteristics in KW mono-digestion and low methane yield in ES mono-digestion， this study employed semi-continuous reactors to simulate practical AD operations by co-digesting kitchen waste and excess sludge （4∶1 ratio based on volatile solids） with biochar supplementation for process enhancement. The investigation evaluated anaerobic co-digestion performance under varying biochar dosages （0.5， 1.0， 2.5， 5.0， and 10.0 g/L）. Results demonstrated that the 2.5 g/L biochar-amended group achieved optimal methane production， yielding cumulative biogas and methane volumes of 17.53，11.63 L respectively， representing 42.10% and 39.47% increases compared to the biochar-free control group， and 34.45% and 43.30% enhancements relative to thermally hydrolyzed sludge. The methanogenic lag phase decreased from （5.65±0.11） d to （4.33±0.12） d. Process stability indicators including pH， soluble chemical oxygen demand， and volatile fatty acids concentrations showed improved stability， with average volatile fatty acids concentrations during stable operation decreasing from 1708 mg/L to 1033 mg/L after-biochar addition. Microbial community analysis revealed enhanced diversity in co-digestion systems， with notable enrichment of Synergistetes phylum and Syntrophomonas genus involved in direct interspecies electron transfer， suggesting that biochar likely enhances methanogenic capacity through selective enrichment of syntrophic microorganisms.
- kitchen waste /
- biochar /
- excess sludge /
- anaerobic co-digestion /
- direct interspecies electron transfer

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