生活垃圾填埋场典型污染物在冲洪积层水土交互作用下的空间分布特征

李伟强; 赵子亮; 朱浩; 许云松; 韩智勇

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202607025

生活垃圾填埋场典型污染物在冲洪积层水土交互作用下的空间分布特征

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202607025

李伟强^1,2,3,
赵子亮^1,2,3,
朱浩^1,2,3,
许云松⁴,
韩智勇^1,2,3, ,

1. 地质灾害防治与地质环境保护全国重点实验室(成都理工大学), 成都 610059;
2. 生态环境部水土污染协同控制与联合修复重点实验室(成都理工大学), 成都 610059;
3. 成都理工大学生态环境学院, 成都 610059;
4. 成都环境工程建设有限公司, 成都 610059

基金项目:

西藏自治区科技计划重点科技项目“青藏高原典型固废堆场环境治理与生态修复技术研发与示范”（XZ202301ZY0029G）

详细信息

作者简介:
李伟强（1999—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为生活垃圾填埋场土壤与地下水污染评价与修复。930473940@qq.com

通讯作者:
韩智勇（1983—），男，教授，博导，主要从事固体废物处理处置与二次污染防治研究。hanzhiyong13@cdut.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 6
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 0
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-29
- 网络出版日期: 2026-09-01

Spatial distribution characteristics of typical contaminants in MSW landfills under water-soil interactions in alluvial-diluvial strata

LI Weiqiang^1,2,3,
ZHAO Ziliang^1,2,3,
ZHU Hao^1,2,3,
XU Yunsong⁴,
HAN Zhiyong^{1,2,3
, ,}

1. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;
2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;
3. College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;
4. Chengdu Environmental Engineering Construction Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610059, China

摘要

摘要: 第四系全新统冲洪积层因土壤渗透系数高、地表水-地下水交互作用强烈，填埋场污染物迁移速度更快，范围更广。为探究生活垃圾填埋场对该地层水土环境的污染特性，以西南某生活垃圾填埋场为例，综合采用内梅罗指数法、潜在生态风险指数法等分析方法，系统分析地下水和土壤的污染特征以及有机物和重金属的空间分布。结果表明：地下水呈重度污染水平（PI>3），菌落总数、氨氮及总大肠菌群最大超标倍数分别为36，9.5，8倍，污染组分与渗滤液特征高度吻合；土壤中6种重金属（Cu、Pb、Cd、Ni、Hg、As）的含量均低于GB 36600—2018《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》第二类用地筛选值，内梅罗指数（PI<0.7）与潜在生态风险指数（RI<150）结果表明土壤环境安全。土壤溶解性有机物（dissolved organic matter，DOM ）以类腐殖酸（22.9%~34.9%）和类富里酸（22.4%~27.5%）为主，荧光强度随深度呈指数衰减趋势；Cu、Pb、As、Hg、Ni的赋存形态均以残渣态为主（52.33%~90.32%），但Cd活性形态（可交换态+铁锰氧化态）占比超过70%，存在较大的迁移风险；重金属水平分布呈现区域特异性，高值区主要集中在筛分垃圾和土壤堆放区；垂向分布中Cu、Cd呈现表层富集特征，As、Hg、Pb和Ni则在地下水波动带处富集。可见，冲洪积层地下水容易受到垃圾渗滤液的污染，土壤中重金属污染不显著，在含水层中赋存水平较低，但容易在水土界面富集；建议在填埋场修复过程中重视垃圾开挖堆放区的防渗，以及地下水波动带的阻隔和修复措施，防止土壤和地下水的二次污染。
- 生活垃圾填埋场 /
- 冲洪积层 /
- 水土环境 /
- 环境污染评价 /
- 空间分布
Abstract: The Holocene alluvial-diluvial stratum of the Quaternary is characterized by high soil hydraulic conductivity and intense surface water-groundwater interaction， which leads to rapid and extensive migration of contaminants from landfills. To investigate the contaminant characteristics of a municipal solid waste （MSW） landfill in such strata， a case study was conducted at a landfill in southwestern China. Methods including the Nemerow pollution index and the potential ecological risk index were employed to systematically analyze the contamination of groundwater and soil， as well as the spatial distribution of organic matter and heavy metals. The results showed that the groundwater was severely contaminated （PI > 3）. The maximum exceedance multiples for total bacterial count， ammonia nitrogen （NH⁺₄-N）， and total coliforms relative to the standard limits were 36， 9.5， 8， respectively. The composition of the contaminants in groundwater was highly consistent with the characteristics of landfill leachate. For the soil， the concentrations of six heavy metals （Cu， Pb， Cd， Ni， Hg， and As） were all below the Class II screening values of the standard GB 36600—2018. Both the Nemerow pollution index （PI<0.7） and the potential ecological risk index （RI<150） indicated that the soil environment was safe. Regarding soil dissolved organic matter （DOM）， humic-like substances （22.9% to 34.9%） and fulvic-like substances （22.4% to 27.5%） were the dominant components， and their fluorescence intensities exhibited an exponential decay trend with increasing soil depth. The speciation of Cu， Pb， As， Hg， and Ni was dominated by the residual fraction （52.33% to 90.32%）. However， over 70% of Cd existed in active forms （exchangeable + Fe/Mn oxide-bound）， suggesting a high migration risk. Spatially， elevated concentrations of heavy metals were primarily clustered in waste screening and soil stockpiling areas. Vertically， Cu and Cd exhibited surface enrichment， whereas As， Hg， Pb， and Ni were enriched within the groundwater fluctuation zone. These findings demonstrate the high vulnerability of alluvial-diluvial aquifers to leachate contamination and the tendency for metal accumulation at the water-soil interface. It is recommended to prioritize anti-seepage measures for excavation and stockpiling areas， along with containment and remediation strategies targeting the groundwater fluctuation zone in the remediation of the landfill， to prevent secondary pollution of soil and groundwater.
- municipal solid waste （MSW） landfill /
- alluvial-diluvial strata /
- soil-water environment /
- environmental pollution assessment /
- spatial distribution

HTML全文

参考文献(35)

[1]	National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. China statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing：China Statistics Press，2023. 中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京：中国统计出版社，2023.
[2]	WANG Y，LEI Y，LIU X，et al. Sulfonamide and tetracycline in landfill leachates from seven municipal solid waste（MSW）landfills：seasonal variation and risk assessment[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2022，825：153936.
[3]	YE J，CHEN X，CHEN C，et al. Emerging sustainable technologies for remediation of soils and groundwater in a municipal solid waste landfill site：a review[J]. Chemosphere，2019，227：681-702.
[4]	NAI C X，TANG M Q，LIU Y Q，et al. Potentially contamination and health risk to shallow groundwater caused by closed industrial solid waste landfills：site reclamation evaluation strategies[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production，2021，286：125402.
[5]	ABIRIGA D，VESTGARDEN L S，KLEMPE H. Groundwater contamination from a municipal landfill：effect of age，landfill closure，and season on groundwater chemistry[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2020，737：140307.
[6]	ZHAN L T，CHEN R H，CHEN Y M，et al. Investigation and analysis of heavy metal diffusion in bottom and surrounding soil layers of a simple landfill[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2011，33（6）：853-861. 詹良通，陈如海，陈云敏，等. 重金属在某简易垃圾填埋场底部及周边土层扩散勘查与分析[J]. 岩土工程学报，2011，33（6）：853-861.
[7]	ZHANG X Q. Study on pollution distribution and leachate adsorption characteristics of a non-standard landfill in northern China[D]. Beijing：China University of Geosciences，2021. 张宪奇. 北方某非规范垃圾填埋场污染分布及渗滤液吸附特征研究[D]. 北京：中国地质大学，2021.
[8]	FU X M，WANG R L，FU J N，et al. Groundwater pollution investigation and risk assessment of a municipal solid waste landfill in Qingdao[J]. Resources Economization& Environmental Protection，2024（11）：80-86. 傅晓敏，王瑞龙，付佳妮，等. 青岛市某生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染调查及风险评价[J]. 资源节约与环保，2024（11）：80-86.
[9]	GUO Y N. Groundwater environmental characteristics and typical pollutant migration rules of Jiangcungou Landfill[D]. Xi’an：Chang’an University，2022. 郭亚楠. 江村沟垃圾填埋场地下水环境特征与典型污染物迁移规律[D]. 西安：长安大学，2022.
[10]	MA Y M. Study on environmental pollution risk of soil and groundwater around landfill[D]. Fuxin：Liaoning Technical University，2021. 马艺铭. 垃圾填埋场周边土壤及地下水环境污染风险研究[D]. 阜新：辽宁工程技术大学，2021.
[11]	LI M C. Volume Investigation and Environmental Risk Assessment of Valley-Type Informal Landfill[C]// Proceedings of the 2021 Annual Science and Technology Conference of Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences—Session on Environmental Engineering Technology Innovation and Application（IV）. Beijing：Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences，2021：455-460. 李梦楚. 山谷型非正规垃圾填埋场体量勘查与环境风险评估[C]// 中国环境科学学会 2021 年科学技术年会—— 环境工程技术创新与应用分会场论文集（四）. 北京：中国环境科学学会，2021：455-460.
[12]	ZHANG W S，TAN L J，SONG L W. Pollution investigation and health risk assessment of informal landfills[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization，2021，39（12）：163-166. 张维生，谭龙健，宋来伟. 非正规垃圾填埋场污染调查与健康风险评估[J]. 中国资源综合利用，2021，39（12）：163-166.
[13]	ZOU F C，YU X H，ZOU Y X，et al. Soil geological environment assessment of a landfill in Guiyang[J]. Environmental Protection Technology，2013，19（4）：33-35. 邹凤钗，于晓红，邹银先，等. 贵阳市某垃圾填埋场的土壤地质环境评价[J]. 环保科技，2013，19（4）：33-35.
[14]	WANG S C. Study on migration rules of typical heavy metals in red bed vadose zone of municipal solid waste landfill[D]. Chengdu：Chengdu University of Technology，2021. 王双超. 生活垃圾填埋场典型重金属在红层包气带中的迁移规律研究[D]. 成都：成都理工大学，2021.
[15]	HU X R. Study on migration and transformation rules of“three nitrogens” in red bed vadose zone of municipal solid waste landfill[D]. Chengdu：Chengdu University of Technology，2021. 胡馨然. 生活垃圾填埋场“三氮” 在红层包气带中的迁移转化规律研究[D]. 成都：成都理工大学，2021.
[16]	XIAO Z C，LI Y H，MENG F. Groundwater pollution investigation and risk assessment of municipal solid waste landfill in Ninglang County[J]. Yunnan Geographic Environment Research，2023，35（2）：1-6. 肖志才，李阳辉，孟菲. 宁蒗县城生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染调查及风险评价[J]. 云南地理环境研究，2023，35（2）：1-6.
[17]	WANG J，HAN Z Y，FENG Y，et al. Speciation distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in green space soil of Chengdu Industrial Zone[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences，2021，30（9）：1923-1930. 汪进，韩智勇，冯燕，等. 成都市工业区绿地土壤重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报，2021，30（9）：1923-1930.
[18]	LI L L，JIANG T，YAN J L，et al. UV-Vis spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter（DOM）in soils and sediments of typical water-level fluctuation zones of Three Gorges Reservoir areas[J]. Environmental Science，2014，35（3）：933-941. 李璐璐，江韬，闫金龙，等. 三峡库区典型消落带土壤及沉积物中溶解性有机质（DOM）的紫外-可见光谱特征[J]. 环境科学，2014，35（3）：933-941.
[19]	China National Environmental Monitoring Centre. Technical specifications for soil environmental monitoring[M]. Beijing：China Environmental Science Press，2013. 中国环境监测总站. 土壤环境监测技术[M]. 北京：中国环境出版社，2013.
[20]	HAN Z Y，XU M，LIU G，et al. Identification and quality evaluation of groundwater pollutants in municipal solid waste landfill[J]. China Environmental Science，2015（9）：2843-2852. 韩智勇，许模，刘国，等. 生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染物识别与质量评价[J]. 中国环境科学，2015（9）：2843-2852.
[21]	WANG S，SHI R，LI H，et al. Effect of terminal temperature on the morphology and potentially toxic metals concentrations of biochars derived from paper and kitchen waste[J]. Waste Management，2020，118：445-451.
[22]	DAN Z，ZHOU P，WANG J，et al. Investigation and evaluation of soil heavy metals in municipal solid waste sanitary landfill in Lhasa[J]. Environmental Engineering，2019，37（11）：194-199. 旦增，周鹏，汪晶，等. 拉萨市生活垃圾卫生填埋场土壤重金属调查和分析评价[J]. 环境工程，2019，37（11）：194-199.
[23]	REGADÍO M，RUIZ A I，SOTO I S D，et al. Pollution profiles and physicochemical parameters in old uncontrolled landfills[J]. Waste Management，2012，32（3）：482-497.
[24]	LJUNG K，SELINUS O，OTABBONG E，et al. Metal and arsenic distribution in soil particle sizes relevant to soil ingestion by children[J]. Applied Geochemistry，2006，21（9）：1613-1624.
[25]	MA J L，XU H H，WANG B，et al. Effects of soil physical crust on slope runoff and sediment yield in sloping farmland of Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation，2022，36（1）：45-49. 马金龙，许欢欢，王兵，等. 黄土高原坡耕地土壤物理结皮对坡面产流产沙过程的影响[J]. 水土保持学报，2022，36（1）：45-49.
[26]	LIANG L C，YAN X F，WANG L L，et al. Soil heavy metal pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of simple municipal solid waste landfill[J]. Environmental Engineering，2024，42（10）：177-187. 梁丽琛，严小飞，王莉莉，等. 简易生活垃圾填埋场土壤重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J]. 环境工程，2024，42（10）：177-187.
[27]	CHE J，LIN W，YE J，et al. Insights into compositional changes of dissolved organic matter during a full-scale vermicomposting of cow dung by combined spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques[J]. Bioresource Technology，2020，301：122757.
[28]	WANG L J，LIU Y Z，ZHANG L Y，et al. Study on composition and variation of dissolved organic matter in underground soil infiltration system[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis，2013，33（8）：2123-2127. 王丽君，刘玉忠，张列宇，等. 地下土壤渗滤系统中溶解性有机物组成及变化规律研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析，2013，33（8）：2123-2127.
[29]	XU Z，YIN M，YANG X，et al. Simulation of vertical migration behaviors of heavy metals in polluted soils from arid regions in northern China under extreme weather[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2024，919：170494.
[30]	FAN C X. Research progress and prospect of lake sediment-water interface[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences，2019，31（5）：1191-1218. 范成新. 湖泊沉积物-水界面研究进展与展望[J]. 湖泊科学，2019，31（5）：1191-1218.
[31]	BANG J，HESTERBERG D. Dissolution of trace element contaminants from two coastal plain soils as affected by pH[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality，2004，33（3）：891-901.
[32]	ULF S，ANDREAS D. Competition between disordered iron sulfide and natural organic matter associated thiols for mercury（Ⅱ）：an EXAFS study[J]. Environmental Science& Technology，2010，44（4）：1254-1259.
[33]	KOU B，YUAN Y，HUI K L，et al. Research status and prospect of complexation mechanism between dissolved organic matter and heavy metals in landfill leachate[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology，2022，12（3）：851-860. 寇兵，袁英，惠坤龙，等. 垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机质与重金属络合机制研究现状及展望[J]. 环境工程技术学报，2022，12（3）：851-860.
[34]	HE Y，QIAN L，ZHOU K，et al. Graphene oxide promoted cadmium uptake by rice in soil[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry& Engineering，2019，7（12）：10283-10292.
[35]	MENG J，TAO M，WANG L，et al. Changes in heavy metal bioavailability and speciation from a Pb-Zn mining soil amended with biochars from co-pyrolysis of rice straw and swine manure[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2018，633：300-307.