废锂电池放电废水的厌氧碳链延长资源化效能与微生物群落响应研究

华峰; 孙德智; 徐伟超; 曹宏斌

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202608001

废锂电池放电废水的厌氧碳链延长资源化效能与微生物群落响应研究

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202608001

华峰^1,2,
孙德智¹,
徐伟超^2, ,,
曹宏斌²

1. 北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100083;
2. 中国科学院过程工程研究所, 北京 100190

基金项目:

北京市自然科学基金青年项目（8254060；8254060）

详细信息

作者简介:
华峰（2001—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为废锂电池放电废水资源化处理研究。18656106553@163.com

通讯作者:
徐伟超（1992—），男，助理研究员，主要研究方向为有机废弃物资源化与能源化处理技术。xuweichao@ipe.ac.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-23

Resource recovery efficiency and microbial community response in anaerobic chain elongation of discharging wastewater from spent lithium-ion batteries

1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

摘要

摘要: 废锂电池放电废水成分复杂、盐度高、有机负荷大，其高效处理与资源化是锂电回收产业链的关键瓶颈。探究了厌氧碳链延长技术对废锂电池放电废水的资源化可行性的提升作用。结果表明：在优化运行条件下，反应器可耐受最高40%的放电废水投加比例，己酸产量达6.38 g/L；但当废水比例升至60%时，系统性能急剧下，降丁酸与己酸合成停止。通过批次筛查实验排除了高盐度［ρ（TDS）≈12 g/L］及Li⁺、Ni²⁺、Co²⁺、Mn²⁺金属离子的影响，确定了F^-是导致功能失效的主导抑制因子。浓度梯度实验进一步量化了F^-的抑制效应，ρ（F^-）<600 mg/L时丁酸生成基本不受影响，ρ（F^-）=900 mg/L时底物代谢严重受抑且仅末期微弱恢复，而达到1200 mg/L时则完全阻断碳链延长代谢。微生物群落分析显示，碳链延长功能由不同类群在不同阶段承担，驯化初期以Clostridium kluyveri为主导，中期转为Caproicibacterium和Thermocaproicibacter主导，恢复期则形成Oscillibacter valericigenes与Caproicibacterium sp.的协同组合。此外，在引入实际放电废水后，Brevundimonas diminuta和Clostridium ljungdahlii等可能参与复杂有机物降解的菌群逐步富集，为碳链延长提供了底物基础。该研究为锂电回收废水的高值生物转化提供了可行方案和机制支撑。
- 放电废水 /
- 碳链延长 /
- 厌氧发酵 /
- 退役锂电池 /
- 微生物群落
Abstract: The discharging wastewater from spent lithium-ion batteries is characterized by complex composition， high salinity， and substantial organic load， making its efficient treatment and resource recovery a critical challenge in the lithium battery recycling chain. This study investigated the feasibility of applying anaerobic chain elongation technology for resource recovery from such wastewater. The results showed that the reactor could tolerate up to 40% discharge wastewater in the feed， with caproate production reaching 6.38 g/L. However， when the wastewater proportion increased to 60%， system performance declined sharply， and the synthesis of butyrate and caproate ceased. Batch screening experiments ruled out the influence of high salinity ［ρ（TDS）≈12 g/L］ and metal ions such as Li⁺， Ni²⁺， Co²⁺， and Mn²⁺， identifying fluoride （F^-） as the dominant inhibitory factor leading to functional failure. Concentration gradient experiments further quantified the inhibitory effect of F^-. At concentrations below 600 mg/L， butyrate production remained largely unaffected； at 900 mg/L， substrate metabolism was severely inhibited， with only slight recovery observed at the final stage； and at 1200 mg/L， chain elongation metabolism was completely blocked. Microbial community analysis revealed that the chain elongation function was undertaken by different taxonomic groups at different stages. Initially， Clostridium kluyveri dominated， followed by a shift to Caproicibacterium and Thermocaproicibacter during the mid-phase. In the recovery phase， a synergistic consortium of Oscillibacter valericigenes and Caproicibacteriumsp. emerged. Furthermore， after introducing actual discharging wastewater， microbial groups such as Brevundimonas diminuta and Clostridiumljungdahlii， which are likely involved in degrading complex organics， gradually became enriched， providing the substrate foundation for chain elongation. This study offers a feasible strategy and mechanistic insights for the high-value bioconversion of wastewater from lithium battery recycling.
- discharging wastewater /
- chain elongation /
- anaerobic fermentation /
- spent lithium-ion batteries /
- microbial community

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