过热蒸汽热解回收碳纤维复合材料：机理、性能与展望

郭祥; 张蒙; 李田; 许国栋; 李扬; 陈达

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202608005

过热蒸汽热解回收碳纤维复合材料：机理、性能与展望

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202608005

郭祥^1,2,
张蒙³,
李田⁴,
许国栋⁴,
李扬⁵,
陈达^1,2, ,

1. 中国民航大学科技创新研究院, 天津 300300;
2. 天津市民航能源环境与绿色发展工程研究中心, 天津 300300;
3. 中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院, 天津 300300;
4. 中国民航大学交通科学与工程学院, 天津 300300;
5. 中国民航大学航空工程学院, 天津 300300

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目（52406284）

详细信息

作者简介:
郭祥（1989—），女，副教授，主要研究方向为有机固废能源化转化。x_guo@cauc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈达（1979—），男，教授，主要研究方向为民航能源环境与绿色发展。chenda@cauc.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-02-10

Recovery of carbon fiber reinforced polymer via superheated steam pyrolysis： mechanisms， properties， and prospects

GUO Xiang^1,2,
ZHANG Meng³,
LI Tian⁴,
XU Guodong⁴,
LI Yang⁵,
CHEN Da^{1,2
, ,}

1. Science and Technology Innovation Research Institute, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China;
2. Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Civil Aviation Energy-Environment and Green Development, Tianjin 300300, China;
3. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China;
4. School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China;
5. Aeronautical Engineering Institute, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

摘要

摘要: 碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）激增的报废量与原生纤维高能耗、高排放之间的矛盾日益凸显，低碳回收技术已成为产业发展刚需。过热蒸汽热解回收作为新兴且快速发展的技术，系统综述了其最新研究进展：450～500 ℃条件下，过热蒸汽“水热-弱氧化”协同机制可实现树脂可控裂解与残炭同步脱除；梳理温度、氧浓度、停留时间及CO₂/蒸汽两步法耦合等关键因素对再生碳纤维（rCF）力学、表面性能及导电性能的影响规律，提出“低温-短时-微氧”工艺条件可使rCF保持90%以上拉伸强度；对比实验室、中试、工业化三代装置特征，指出工艺放大过程需攻克废气治理、多组分废料适应性及能量集成关键问题；通过生命周期评价（LCA）证实，该回收方案较填埋/焚烧组合可降低约25%能耗与30%碳排放，兼具环境与经济双重优势。未来研究应聚焦产物数据库构建、分布式回收网络优化及统一LCA框架建立，为CFRP闭环循环提供标准化技术支撑与决策工具。
- 过热蒸汽 /
- 碳纤维复合材料 /
- 热解回收 /
- 再生碳纤维 /
- 生命周期评价
Abstract: The increasing volume of end-of-life carbon fiber reinforced polymer （CFRP） and the high energy consumption and emissions associated with virgin fiber production underscore an urgent need for low-carbon recycling technologies. As an emerging and rapidly developing method， superheated steam pyrolysis for carbon fiber recovery is systematically reviewed in this paper. The synergistic “hydrothermal-weak oxidation” mechanism of superheated steam at 450 to 500 ℃ enables controlled resin cracking and simultaneous char removal. The effects of key parameters， including temperature， oxygen concentration， residence time， and the coupling of CO₂/steam two-step processes， on the mechanical， surface， and electrical properties of recycled carbon fiber（rCF） are summarized. A “low-temperature， short-duration， micro-oxygen” process is proposed to retain over 90% of the tensile strength of rCF. A comparison of laboratory-， pilot-， and industrial-scale setups highlights the need to address exhaust gas treatment， adaptability to multi-component waste， and energy integration during process scale-up. Life cycle assessment （LCA） confirms that this recycling route can reduce energy consumption by approximately 25% and carbon emissions by about 30%， compared to landfilling/incineration， demonstrating environmental and economic advantages. Future research should focus on establishing product databases， optimizing distributed recycling networks， and developing unified LCA frameworks to provide standardized technical support and decision-making tools for CFRP closed-loop recycling.
- superheated steam /
- carbon fiber reinforced polymer （CFRP） /
- pyrolysis recovery /
- recycled carbon fiber （rCF） /
- life cycle assessment （LCA）

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