滨海平原工业退役地块土壤苯系物源汇空间错位特征与健康风险

王磊; 谢丽; 孙瑞; 谭学军; 张祥; 江文琛

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202608027

滨海平原工业退役地块土壤苯系物源汇空间错位特征与健康风险

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202608027

王磊^1,2,
谢丽¹,
孙瑞²,
谭学军²,
张祥²,
江文琛²

1. 同济大学环境科学与工程学院, 上海 200092;
2. 上海市政工程设计研究总院(集团)有限公司, 上海 200092

基金项目:

年东方英才计划领军项目（LJ2025069）；上海市青年科技启明星项目（24QB2705600）

详细信息

作者简介:
王磊（1989—），男，硕士，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为土壤污染绿色低碳修复。wanglei5@smedi.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-04-22

Source-sink spatial mismatch characteristics and health risks of soil BTEX in a decommissioned industrial site on a coastal plain

1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
2. Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China

摘要

摘要: 我国大量工业企业搬迁遗留场地存在土壤污染问题，尤其是挥发性有机污染物，如苯系物（BTEX），其环境迁移与健康风险备受关注。滨海平原因其高地下水位、交错沉积地层等特殊水文地质条件，污染物的空间分布与迁移规律显著区别于内陆区域。以长三角滨海平原某树脂厂退役地块为对象，系统探究土壤中苯系物的空间分布、迁移规律及健康风险。结果表明：土壤中共检出7种苯系物，检出率为24.3%~47.1%，其中苯、乙苯和间对二甲苯的最大浓度超过我国建设用地第一类筛选值，污染羽主要分布在地块南部产品仓库区，而潜在污染源位于上游的废水处理单元，呈“源-汇”空间错位现象。污染物垂向分布呈“浅层挥发-中层富集-深层阻隔”分异模式，在3~6 m深度的粉质黏土层中显著富集，而在淤泥质黏土层中浓度急剧衰减。MIP多参数探测显示，苯、甲苯等主要组分整体迁移，而氯苯因吸附性强迁移滞后。苯是健康风险最突出的特征污染物，其致癌风险（最高达7.42×10^-⁴）与非致癌危害（最高达38.24）均超过可接受水平，吸入室内空气中来自下层土壤的气态污染物对苯的总风险贡献率超过87%，是主导暴露途径。研究揭示了滨海平原高水位、交错地层条件下污染物迁移与风险形成的特殊性，可为类似工业污染场地的精准调查、风险评估及管控修复提供科学依据。
- 土壤污染 /
- MIP探测 /
- 苯系物 /
- 空间分异 /
- 健康风险评估
Abstract: A large number of industrial enterprises in China have relocated from their former sites， leaving behind soil contamination problems， particularly volatile organic compounds such as BTEX， whose environmental migration and health risks have attracted significant attention. Owing to the special hydrogeological conditions of coastal plains—including a high groundwater table and interbedded sedimentary strata—the spatial distribution and migration patterns of contaminants in these areas differ markedly from those in inland regions. This study took a decommissioned resin plant site in the coastal plain of the Yangtze River Delta as the research object and systematically investigated the spatial distribution， migration patterns， and health risks of BTEX contamination in the soil. The results showed that seven BTEX compounds were detected in the soil， with detection rates ranging from 24.3% to 47.1%. Among them， the maximum concentrations of benzene， ethylbenzene， and m/p-xylene exceeded the screening values for Class I construction land in China. The contaminant plume was mainly distributed in the product warehouse area in the southern part of the site， while the potential pollution source was located in the upstream wastewater treatment unit， presenting a “source-sink” spatial mismatch phenomenon. The vertical distribution of contaminants exhibited a differentiated pattern of “shallow-layer volatilization， middle-layer enrichment， and deep-layer retardation”. Significant enrichment occurred in the silty clay layer at depths of 3 to 6 m， while concentrations sharply decreased in the mucky clay layer. MIP multi-parameter detection showed that major components such as benzene and toluene migrated overall， whereas chlorobenzene exhibited delayed migration owing to its strong adsorption affinity. Benzene was the most prominent contaminant of concern for health risks： its carcinogenic risks （up to 7.42×10^-⁴） and non-carcinogenic hazard quotients （up to 38.24） both exceeded acceptable levels. Inhalation of gaseous contaminants from underlying soil into indoor air contributed over 87% of the total risk of benzene， making it the dominant exposure pathway. This study reveals the unique characteristics of contaminant migration and risk formation under conditions of a high water table and interbedded strata in coastal plains. These findings can provide a scientific basis for the accurate investigation， risk assessment， and remediation of similar industrially contaminated sites.
- soil contamination /
- MIP detection /
- BTEX /
- spatial differentiation /
- health risk assessment

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参考文献(21)

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