人为活动受抑制下的气溶胶污染特征：以西安COVID-19封锁为例

卢泳玮; 任博; 田家铭; 李彪; 王跃社

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202609016

人为活动受抑制下的气溶胶污染特征：以西安COVID-19封锁为例

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202609016

西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室, 西安 710049

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划“聚焦太阳能与生物质超临界水气化耦合制氢发电的基础理论及关键技术研究”（2024YFF0505800）

详细信息

作者简介:
卢泳玮(1997—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为大气气溶胶吸湿性。4122103171@stu.xjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王跃社(1967—),男,教授,主要研究方向为大气颗粒物生成和演化的多相多组分微观动力学机理。wangys@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-06-23
- 网络出版日期: 2026-11-05

Airborne particulate pollution under restricted human activities: insights from COVID-19 lockdown in Xi'an

State Key Laboratory of Power Engineering Multiphase Flow, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

摘要

摘要: 研究基于2019—2020年西安市四季PM_2.5观测数据，分析了新冠肺炎疫情封锁前后大气污染特征的变化规律。研究发现：封锁期间西安市PM_2.5浓度在冬季显著上升，重污染天数占比增加23.4%，主要归因于自然源（如沙尘）贡献的增大。化学组分分析结果显示，人为排放的二次无机气溶胶（如SO₄^2-、NO₃^-）和有机物（OM）浓度显著下降，非人为源组分（如沙尘）的占比因人为源排放的减少而显著升高。主成分分析（PCA）结果表明，疫情管控后，污染源结构从燃煤和生物质燃烧主导转变为复合污染源与自然沙尘源的双源格局。此外，气团轨迹模拟揭示，冬季长距离传输的增强进一步加剧了沙尘污染。研究结果为极端减排情景下大气污染的演变机制提供了新认识，并可为后疫情时代的污染防控策略优化提供科学依据。
- PM_2.5 /
- 新冠疫情 /
- 污染特征 /
- 源解析 /
- 区域传输
Abstract: This study analyzed the variations in PM_2.5 pollution characteristics in Xi'an before and after the COVID-19 lockdown， based on seasonal observation data from 2019 to 2020. The results showed that during the lockdown period， PM_2.5 concentrations in winter increased significantly， with the proportion of heavy pollution days rising by 23.4%， primarily due to the enhanced contribution of natural sources，such as dust. The chemical composition analysis revealed that the concentrations of anthropogenic secondary inorganic aerosols （e.g.， SO₄^2-， NO₃^-） and organic matter （OM） decreased significantly， while the relative proportion of non-anthropogenic components （e.g.， dust） increased markedly due to the reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Principal component analysis （PCA） indicated that the pollution source structure shifted from coal combustion and biomass burning，to a dual-source pattern dominated by mixed pollution sources and natural dust. Additionally， air mass trajectory simulation demonstrated that enhanced long-range transport in winter further aggravated dust pollution. These findings provide new insights into the evolution mechanisms of air pollution under extreme emission reduction scenarios and offer a scientific basis for optimizing pollution control strategies in the post-pandemic era.
- PM_2.5 /
- COVID-19 pandemic /
- pollution characteristics /
- source apportionment /
- regional transport

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