应用LCA分析不同废矿物油再生工艺的环境影响

曹宇静; 葛晓雨; 王永泽; 任福民; 姚宏

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202609019

应用LCA分析不同废矿物油再生工艺的环境影响

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202609019

1. 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司节能环保劳卫研究所, 北京 100081;
2. 北京交通大学碳中和与环境学院, 北京 100044

基金项目:

中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划重点课题（N2024Z012）；中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研项目（2024YJ323）

详细信息

作者简介:
曹宇静(1985—),女,副研究员,主要从事环境影响评价研究。caoyujing@rails.cn

通讯作者:
王永泽(1989—),男,副研究员,主要从事节能技术研究。wangyongze@rails.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-05
- 网络出版日期: 2026-11-05

Application of LCA analysis in assessing environmental impact of different waste mineral oil regeneration processes

1. Energy Saving & Environmental Protection & Occupational Safety and Health Research, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China;
2. School of Carbon Neutrality and Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

摘要

摘要: 采用生命周期评价（LCA）方法，系统比较了膜分离精制与蒸馏精制2种废油再生工艺的环境影响。通过特征化、标准化、不确定性与敏感性分析综合评价表明：膜分离工艺具有显著环境优势，其中点环境影响全面低于蒸馏工艺，尤其在气候变化与化石资源耗竭方面相比蒸馏工艺分别降低约57.5%与56.2%；终点损害分析显示，膜分离总环境损害单一分数为7.219 Pt，较蒸馏工艺（17.863 Pt）降低59.6%，且在人类健康、生态系统质量与资源消耗方面均表现更优。不确定性分析显示，膜分离工艺变异系数更低（9.79%），结果更为稳健。敏感性分析进一步揭示了能源消耗是2种废油再生工艺环境损害的主要驱动因素。综上，膜分离精制工艺是环境绩效更优、结果更可靠的废油再生技术选择；蒸馏精制工艺的改进应优先聚焦节能与能源结构优化。该研究为废油再生技术的绿色决策提供了科学依据。
- 生命周期评价 /
- 废矿物油再生工艺 /
- SimaPro软件 /
- 环境影响 /
- ReCiPe方法
Abstract: This study employed the Life Cycle Assessment （LCA） methodology to systematically compare the environmental impacts of two waste oil regeneration processes： membrane separation purification and distillation purification. A comprehensive evaluation based on characterization， standardization， and uncertainty and sensitivity analyses indicates that the membrane separation process offers significant environmental advantages. The environmental impacts at each stage were consistently lower than those of the distillation process， with reductions of approximately 57.5% and 56.2% in climate change and fossil resource depletion， respectively. End-point damage analysis revealed that the total environmental damage score for the membrane separation process was 7.219 Pt， a reduction of 59.6% compared to the distillation process （17.863 Pt）， and it performed better in terms of human health， ecosystem quality， and resource consumption. Uncertainty analysis indicated that the membrane separation process had a lower coefficient of variation （9.79%）， yielding more robust results. Sensitivity analysis further revealed that energy consumption was the primary driver of environmental damage for both processes. In summary， the membrane separation refining process is the preferred choice for waste oil regeneration technology， offering superior environmental performance and more reliable results； improvements to the distillation refining process should prioritise energy conservation and optimisation of the energy mix. This study provides a scientific basis for green decision-making regarding waste oil regeneration technologies.
- life cycle assessment /
- waste mineral oil regeneration process /
- SimaPro /
- environmental impact /
- ReCiPe

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参考文献(37)

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