欧盟新修订的《工业和畜牧业排放指令》及对我国的启示

王敏; 李丽平; SELIN Esen; 赵嘉

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202609025

欧盟新修订的《工业和畜牧业排放指令》及对我国的启示

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202609025

1. 生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心, 北京 100029;
2. 克莱恩斯欧洲环保协会总部, 布鲁塞尔 1040;
3. 克莱恩斯欧洲环保协会(英国)北京代表处, 北京 100035

基金项目:

中欧环境与绿色经济合作项目

详细信息

作者简介:
王敏,女,研究员,主要从事环境与气候协同治理研究。wang.min@prcee.org

通讯作者:
李丽平,女,正高级工程师,主要从事气候变化、国际环境政策、环境与贸易等相关研究。li.liping@prcee.org

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-04
- 网络出版日期: 2026-11-05

The revised EU industrial and livestock rearing emissions directive and its implications for China

1. Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100029, China;
2. ClientEarth AISBL, Brussels 1040, Belgium;
3. ClientEarth (UK) Beijing Representative Office, Beijing 100035, China

摘要

摘要: 《工业和畜牧业排放指令》（IED 2.0）不仅是欧盟监管工业设施和畜牧业污染物排放的主要立法，也是欧盟推动减污降碳协同增效的重要政策。基于欧盟修订发布IED 2.0的做法，梳理了IED 2.0的修订背景及其主要修订内容，总结了其对减污降碳协同增效的要求和特点及其对我国的启示。IED 2.0注重实现“整体环境”的高质量保护，其设定的多项条款与推动减污降碳协同增效有关。主要特点：1）评估结果作为IED 2.0修订的重要依据；2）污染物减排和脱碳同步纳入减排目标；3）许可证和环境管理体系作为重要抓手；4）确保选择和实施的减排技术效益最大化；5）重视强化环境与气候政策间的协同效应；6）关注非二氧化碳温室气体减排多重效益；7）通过技术创新促进企业减排和工业转型。这对于我国减污降碳协同增效工作有如下启示：1）以法律法规的形式推动重点领域减污降碳协同增效；2）加强有关减污降碳协同增效政策与行动的效果评估；3）推动将温室气体减排要求纳入固定源排污许可管理；4）制定重点行业减污降碳协同增效最佳可行技术指南；5）要求能源密集型行业企业建立减污降碳协同管理体系；6）重视CH₄等非二氧化碳温室气体与污染物的协同减排；7）引导和鼓励利益相关方参与减污降碳协同增效决策。
- 欧盟 /
- 工业和畜牧业排放指令 /
- 修订 /
- 减污降碳协同增效 /
- 启示
Abstract: The revised Industrial and Livestock Rearing Emissions Directive （IED 2.0） is not only the European Union's primary legislation regulating pollutant emissions from industrial facilities and livestock farming， but also a key policy for promoting the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions. Based on the EU's revision and release of IED 2.0， this study reviews the background and main amendments of the directive， summarizes its requirements and features regarding the synergistic control of pollution and carbon reduction， and analyzes its implications for China in light of its actual conditions. IED 2.0 emphasizes achieving high-quality protection of the “overall environment” with many provisions aimed at promoting the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions. Key features include： 1）Using assessment results as an important basis for the revision of IED 2.0； 2）Integrating pollutant reduction and decarbonization into emission reduction targets； 3）Utilizing permits and environmental management systems as key tools； 4）Ensuring the maximization of benefits from selected and implemented emission reduction technologies； 5）Emphasizing the enhancement of synergies between environmental and climate policies； 6）Focusing on the multiple benefits of reducing non-CO₂ greenhouse gas emissions； 7）Promoting corporate emission reduction and industrial transformation through technological innovation. Implications for China include： 1）Promote the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in key sectors through legal and regulatory frameworks； 2）Strengthen the evaluation of the effectiveness of policies and actions related to synergistic pollution and carbon reduction； 3）Incorporate greenhouse gas emission reduction requirements into the management of stationary source emission permits； 4）Develop best available technology guidelines for synergistic pollution and carbon reduction in key industries； 5）Require energy-intensive industries to establish management systems for synergistic pollution and carbon reduction； 6）Emphasize the synergistic reduction of non-CO₂ greenhouse gases （such as methane） and pollutants； 7）Encourage stakeholders to participate in decision-making for synergistic pollution and carbon reduction.
- European Union /
- Industrial and Livestock Rearing Emissions Directive （IED 2.0） /
- revision /
- synergistic pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction /
- insights

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参考文献(15)

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