硅气凝胶/聚氨酯复合纳米纤维膜制备及膜蒸馏脱盐性能

毕雅梅; 赵宇航; 段锋; 李玉平; 曹宏斌

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202610003

硅气凝胶/聚氨酯复合纳米纤维膜制备及膜蒸馏脱盐性能

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202610003

1. 河南中鸿集团煤化有限公司, 河南平顶山 467000;
2. 中国科学院化学化工科学数据中心中国科学院过程工程研究所, 北京 100190

基金项目:

京津冀环境综合治理国家科技重大专项项目“冶金行业多源废水靶向分离与深度脱除技术开发”（2025ZD1206100）

详细信息

作者简介:
毕雅梅（1966—），女，高级工程师，主要研究方向为煤化工。bym13603756286@163.com

通讯作者:
段锋（1988—），男，副研究员，主要研究方向为工业高盐废水处理。fduan@ipe.ac.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-08-16
- 网络出版日期: 2026-11-10

Preparation and membrane distillation desalination performance of silica aerogel/polyurethane composite hydrophobic nanofibrous membranes

1. Henan Zhonghong Group Coal Chemical Co., Ltd., Pingdingshan 467000, China;
2. Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Data Center, CAS, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

摘要

摘要: 膜蒸馏（MD）在高盐工业废水资源化领域展现出重要应用前景。传统膜技术依赖含氟化合物构筑低表面能疏水界面，然而该类物质因其毒性被逐步限制使用，开发无氟疏水膜材料成为迫切需求。研究采用共混静电纺丝工艺制备硅气凝胶/聚氨酯复合纳米纤维膜，通过调控硅气凝胶与KH550硅烷偶联剂添加比例，系统探究了膜的微观结构和性能变化规律。结果表明：硅气凝胶的引入显著增大了纤维表面粗糙度，赋予了复合膜优异的疏水性与隔热性，水接触角>140°，导热系数<40 mW/（m·K）；KH550硅烷偶联剂在PU膜基体与气凝胶颗粒间构建了稳固的交联网络，提高了硅气凝胶的界面相容性，当硅气凝胶投加量（质量分数）为2%，KH550投加量（质量分数）为4%时，膜的拉伸强度最高提升至7.5 MPa，较纯PU膜提高了15.4%。在膜蒸馏性能实验中，该复合膜展现出与商用ePTFE膜相当的水通量和盐截留率，并具备优异的抗盐结晶与CaSO₄结垢性能。该研究结果可为无氟疏水膜的制备和应用提供重要参考。
- 高盐废水处理 /
- 膜蒸馏 /
- 共混静电纺丝 /
- 无氟疏水膜 /
- 纳米纤维膜
Abstract: Membrane distillation （MD） holds significant promise for resource recovery from high-salinity industrial wastewater. Traditional MD membranes rely on fluorinated compounds to construct low-surface-energy hydrophobic interfaces； however， their toxicity has led to increasingly strict restrictions on their use. Consequently， developing fluorine-free hydrophobic membrane materials has become an urgent need. In this study， silica aerogel/polyurethane （PU） composite nanofibrous membranes were fabricated by blend electrospinning process. The evolution of the microstructure and properties of the membranes was systematically investigated by regulating the addition ratios of silica aerogel and KH550 silane coupling agent. The results indicated that the incorporation of silica aerogel significantly enhanced the surface roughness of the fibers， endowing the composite membranes with superior hydrophobicity and thermal insulation， and achieving a water contact angle exceeding 140° and a thermal conductivity below 40 mW/（m·K）. Furthermore， KH550 formed a robust cross-linked network between the PU matrix and aerogel particles， enhancing their interfacial compatibility. With the optimal addition of 2% silica aerogel and 4% KH550， the tensile strength of the membrane reached a maximum of 7.5 MPa， representing a 15.4% improvement compared to the pristine PU membrane. In MD performance tests， the composite membrane exhibited water flux and salt rejection comparable to those of commercial ePTFE membranes， along with excellent resistance to salt crystallization and CaSO₄ scaling. These findings can provide valuable insights for the preparation and application of fluorine-free hydrophobic membranes.
- high-salinity industrial wastewater treatment /
- membrane distillation （MD） /
- blending electrospinning /
- fluorine-free hydrophobic membrane /
- nanofibrous membrane

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