BOD与COD的起源、应用场景分布及其协同作用

王洪臣; 叶乃玉; 夏智恒; 李若冰; 张钦圣; 余永涛; 石新宇

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202610005

BOD与COD的起源、应用场景分布及其协同作用

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202610005

中国人民大学化学与生命资源学院中国人民大学低碳水环境技术研究中心, 北京 100872

详细信息

作者简介:
王洪臣，教授，研究方向为水污染治理理论与技术。whc@ruc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王洪臣，教授，研究方向为水污染治理理论与技术。whc@ruc.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-09-04
- 网络出版日期: 2026-11-10

Origins， application scenarios， and synergistic interpretation of BOD and COD

Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China

摘要

摘要: 生化需氧量（biochemical oxygen demand，BOD）和化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand，COD）是水污染治理普遍使用的两类基础性综合指标，但其起源、本质，尤其是两者联用在进一步揭示水质信息方面的协同潜力仍需研究挖掘。文章系统梳理了BOD与COD的起源及测定方法演进，比较了其在受纳水体保护与生态评价、污水处理尾水合规评价、工程设计、工艺运行等不同业务场景中的应用状况，分析了BOD₅/COD_Cr、COD_Cr/BOD₅等协同方式所表达的水质信息及其解释边界。首次剖析了COD_Cr-BOD₅的本质含义，提出了利用水样的COD_Cr和BOD₅评估计算不可降解有机物量和生物处理系统中剩余活性污泥量的方法。
- 生化需氧量 /
- 化学需氧量 /
- 应用场景 /
- 氧当量 /
- 协同作用
Abstract: Biochemical oxygen demand （BOD） and chemical oxygen demand （COD） are two fundamental comprehensive indicators widely used in water pollution control. However， their origins and intrinsic meanings， particularly the synergistic potential of their combined use to further reveal water quality， remain insufficiently explored. This review systematically traces the origins of BOD and COD and the evolution of their analytical methods， compares their applications in receiving-water protection and ecological assessment， effluent compliance assessment， engineering design， and process operation， and examines the water-quality information conveyed by combined metrics such as BOD₅/COD_Cr and COD_Cr/BOD₅， together with the limits of their interpretation. For the first time， this review elucidates the intrinsic meaning of COD_Cr-BOD₅ and proposes methods for using paired COD_Cr and BOD₅ measurements to estimate the amount of non-biodegradable organic matter in a water sample and waste activated sludge production in a biological treatment system.
- biochemical oxygen demand /
- chemical oxygen demand /
- application scenarios /
- oxygen equivalent /
- synergistic effect

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参考文献(57)

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