电极材料对再生水电化学消毒的影响机制研究

蒋成旭; 许晨阳; 黄霞

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202610006

电极材料对再生水电化学消毒的影响机制研究

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202610006

清华大学环境学院区域环境安全全国重点实验室, 北京 100084

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金重大专项“重大疫情的环境安全与次生风险防控”（52091543）

详细信息

作者简介:
蒋成旭（1998—），男，在读博士生，主要研究方向为电化学水处理工艺。jcx20@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn

通讯作者:
黄霞（1963—），女，教授，主要研究方向为水污染控制技术与理论。xhuang@tsinghua.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-07-28
- 网络出版日期: 2026-11-10

Comparative study on electrode materials for electrochemical disinfection of reclaimed water

State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

摘要

摘要: 电化学消毒对水质水量适应性强，在构型设计和操作调控上具有更大灵活性，是一种有潜力的新型绿色消毒技术。然而，在低电导率的再生水体系下，不同电极材料的适用性和主导消毒机制仍有待进一步研究。研究探究了4种商售多孔电极材料对包膜病毒指示物Phi6和非包膜病毒指示物T4的消毒效果。炭纤维毡阳极分别在施加电压为3，4 V时实现了对Phi6和T4的高效灭活（>6 log），在施加电压为6 V时实现了对2种病毒指示物结构的显著损伤（>4 log）和基因的显著清除（0.9~2.3 log），具有最强病毒灭活能力、基因清除能力和结构损伤能力，是低电导率再生水体系下电化学消毒的最优电极材料。在电化学消毒过程中，阳极生成的游离氯物种和自由基氯物种均无法独立实现病毒指示物的高效消毒，二者的协同作用是电化学消毒的主导电极机制。综上，电化学消毒技术可以实现再生水中病毒的充分消毒，是一种技术可行的病毒传播风险控制手段。
- 消毒 /
- 病毒 /
- 电极材料 /
- 活性氯物种 /
- 消毒指示指标
Abstract: Electrochemical disinfection is highly adaptable to variations in water quality and flow rate， and offers considerable flexibility in reactor configuration and operation， making it a novel and promising green disinfection technology. However， for low-conductivity reclaimed water， the suitability of different electrode materials and the underlying mechanisms of virus inactivation remain insufficiently understood. This study investigated the disinfection performance of four commercial porous electrode materials against the enveloped viral surrogate Phi6 and the non-enveloped viral surrogate T4. Carbon fiber felt （CFF） anodes achieved more than 6-log efficient inactivation for Phi6 and T4 at an applging voltage of 3 V and 4 V， respectively. At 6 V， CFF caused significant structural damage （>4 log） to both surrogates and reduced total nucleic acids by 0.9~2.3 log. CFF exhibited the strongest virus inactivation， structural damage， and genome removal， making it the optimal electrode material for electrochemical disinfection of low-conductivity reclaimed water. In addition， neither free chlorine species nor radical chlorine species （RaCS） generated at the anode alone achieved efficient virus inactivation. Instead， their synergistic action constituted the dominant electrode mechanism of electrochemical disinfection. Above all， our study demonstrated that electrochemical disinfection can effectively disinfect viruses in reclaimed water and is a technically feasible approach for controlling viral transmission risks.
- disinfection /
- virus /
- electrode material /
- active chlorine species /
- disinfection indicator

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