蓝藻生物炭驱动黑土农田玉米减肥增效的根际过程及品质响应

卞会唱; 谷学佳; 孙琦; 张毅彪; 申遥; 吕世伟; 王硕; 李激

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202610019

蓝藻生物炭驱动黑土农田玉米减肥增效的根际过程及品质响应

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202610019

卞会唱¹,
谷学佳²,
孙琦²,
张毅彪¹,
申遥¹,
吕世伟¹,
王硕^1,3, ,,
李激^1,3

1. 江南大学环境与生态学院江苏省厌氧生物技术重点实验室, 江苏无锡 214122;
2. 黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院农业农村部东北平原农业环境重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150000;
3. 江苏高校水处理技术与材料协同创新中心, 江苏苏州 215009

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3207602）；黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程（CX23GG08）；江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目（BE2022303）

详细信息

作者简介:
卞会唱（2001—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为废弃物资源化。6231403025@stu.jiangnan.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王硕。shuowang@jiangnan.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-24
- 网络出版日期: 2026-11-10

Rhizosphere processes and quality responses underlying reduced fertilizer inputs and enhanced efficiency in maize cropping on black soils driven by cyanobacterial biochar

1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Northeast China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Harbin 150000, China;
3. Jiangsu College Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou 215009, China

摘要

摘要: 为评估太湖蓝藻生物炭在化肥减施条件下对东北黑土与根际系统的调控效应，设置常规施肥（CF）与化肥减施10%并配施蓝藻生物炭每亩150 kg（TC）（1亩约合666.7 m²）作为对比，在黑土玉米田开展田间试验。结果显示：所用蓝藻生物炭虽孔隙结构不发达，比表面积仅为0.2682 m²/g，但其表面富含酰胺基、羟基、羰基等含氮含氧官能团，能通过表面官能团与矿物组分介导的化学过程影响土壤养分保持与转化。与CF处理相比，TC处理能在一定程度上缓解土壤酸化，提升土壤pH至5.78，并在减施化肥条件下同步提高了土壤水解性氮（AN）、速效钾（AK）和有机碳（SOC）含量。根际微生物α多样性差异不显著，但Bacteroidota与Paenibacillus等类群相对富集；非靶向代谢组学检测出65种差异代谢物，其中寡糖与小分子肽上调并富集淀粉和蔗糖代谢等通路。在土壤与根际改良效应的最终协同作用下，作物产出相较CF［亩产（683±79） kg］，TC处理达到亩产（832±101） kg，增产21.7%；籽粒淀粉含量较CF（65.5 g/100 g）提升至67.9 g/100 g；且氨基酸总量提高约12.1%，其中谷氨酸、脯氨酸等关键氨基酸增幅尤为明显。结果表明：蓝藻生物炭在减肥情景下可通过改善土壤氮供给背景并优化根际过程支撑玉米稳产提质，为黑土提质增效与蓝藻水华资源化利用提供田间依据。
- 蓝藻生物炭 /
- 黑土 /
- 玉米 /
- 土壤养分 /
- 根际过程
Abstract: To evaluate the performance of Taihu cyanobacterial biochar under reduced fertilization in the maize-growing black soils of Northeast China， a field trial was conducted with two treatments： conventional fertilization （CF） and CF with 10% less chemical fertilizer plus a one-time basal application of cyanobacterial biochar at 150 kg/mu （TC）（1 mu≈666.7 m²）. The biochar exhibited a poorly developed pore structure （BET surface area 0.2682 m²/g） but contained abundant N— and O—bearing functional groups （e.g.， amide， hydroxyl， and carbonyl）， suggesting that its effects are primarily governed by surface functional groups and mineral fractions that mediate interfacial chemical processes relevant to nutrient retention and transformation. Comparing to CF， TC partially alleviated soil acidification， increasing soil pH to 5.78， and simultaneously enhanced hydrolysable N （AN）， available K （AK）， and soil organic carbon （SOC） under the reduced-fertilizer regime. Rhizosphere microbial α-diversity did not differ significantly between treatments， whereas Bacteroidota and Paenibacillus were relatively enriched under TC. Untargeted metabolomics identified 65 differential metabolites； oligosaccharides and small peptides were upregulated， with significant enrichment of pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism. These improvements in bulk soil properties and rhizosphere functioning ultimately translated into the enhanced crop output. Comparing to CF ［（683±79） kg/mu］， TC increased grain yield to （832±101） kg/mu， by 21.7%， grain starch concentration rose from 65.5 g/100 g under CF to 67.9 g/100 g， and total amino acids increased by approximately 12.1%， with particularly pronounced gains in key amino acids such as glutamate and proline. Overall， cyanobacterial biochar， when coupled with a 10% reduction in chemical fertilizer， supported maize yield and quality by improving the soil nitrogen supply context and optimizing rhizosphere processes， providing field-based evidence for black-soil improvement and the agricultural valorization of cyanobacterial bloom biomass.
- cyanobacterial biochar /
- black soil /
- maize /
- soil nutrients /
- rhizosphere process

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