城市社区市政基础设施低碳评价体系构建与核算方法研究

夏琼琼; 郑兴灿; 曹姗姗; 张鹏; 尚巍; 李鹏峰

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202610022

城市社区市政基础设施低碳评价体系构建与核算方法研究

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202610022

1. 中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司, 天津 300074;
2. 河北工大科雅科技集团股份有限公司, 石家庄 050035;
3. 天津大学, 天津 300072

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划战略性科技创新合作项目“市政基础设施节能低碳关键技术联合研究与应用”（2022YFE0208800）

详细信息

作者简介:
夏琼琼（1981—），女，博士，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为污水资源化与低碳处理技术。xqqwater@126.com

通讯作者:
郑兴灿（1963—），男，博士，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为绿色市政基础设施技术。tjzxc@vip.sina.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-22
- 网络出版日期: 2026-11-10

Research on construction of a low-carbon assessment system and accounting methods for urban community municipal infrastructure

1. North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300074, China;
2. Hebei Gongda Keya Technology Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050035, China;
3. Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

摘要

摘要: 聚焦供热、供电、排水三大社区市政基础设施，构建了面向运维阶段的低碳评价体系与精细化核算模型。研究首先以实际服务交接点界定了“中尺度”碳核算边界，依托系统工程理论构建了包含44项指标的分系统评价体系，并联合采用专家咨询与层次分析法（AHP）科学确立了指标权重。提出了基于指标属性的三维分类评价机制，将插值折算、阈值定级与履约核查等差异化评分方法与碳排放核算深度耦合。以华北典型社区为例的实证研究表明，占总碳排放量80%以上的供热与供电系统是影响社区碳减排潜力的核心要素。将管网热损失率由15%压降至5%可大幅削减绝对排放量，使供热系统评分提升至78分；而引入20%分布式光伏则能驱动供电系统评分跃升至85分的较高水平。相比之下，排放占比较小的排水系统展现出显著的评分边际效益，仅将化粪池清掏周期由2年缩短至0.5年，即可使吨水碳排放强度由1.12 kg CO_2-eq/m³ 降至0.56 kg CO_2-eq/m³，实现单项评分由55分至82分的阶梯式提升。据此，研究提出存量社区的低碳治理应采取“重资产降损扩能与轻量化生化阻断”相统筹的时序规划，从而为市政工程的精细化减排提供可落地的评价标尺。
- 社区市政基础设施 /
- 中尺度 /
- 碳排放核算 /
- 低碳评价指标 /
- 非二氧化碳温室气体
Abstract: Focusing on three major community municipal infrastructures， heating， power supply， and drainage， this paper develops a low-carbon evaluation system and a refined accounting model tailored for the operation and maintenance phase. Initially， the study defines the "meso-scale" carbon accounting boundary based on actual service handover points， relies on systems engineering theory to construct a subsystem evaluation framework comprising 44 indicators， and scientifically determines the indicator weights utilizing a combination of expert consultation and the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）. It proposes a three-dimensional classification evaluation mechanism based on indicator attributes， deeply coupling differentiated scoring methods， such as interpolation conversion， threshold grading， and compliance verification with carbon emission accounting. An empirical study of a typical community in North China demonstrates that the heating and power supply systems， accounting for over 80% of total carbon emissions， act as the core elements influencing the decarbonization potential. Reducing the heat loss rate of the heating network from 15% to 5% can effectively reduce absolute emissions， raising the heating system score to 78 points. Meanwhile， introducing a 20% distributed photovoltaic ratio propels the power supply system score to a higher level of 85 points. In contrast， the drainage system， despite its minor emission share， exhibits significant marginal scoring benefits. Simply shortening the septic tank cleaning cycle from 2 years to 0.5 years reduces the equivalent carbon intensity from 1.12 kg CO_2-eq/m³ to 0.56 kg CO_2-eq/m³， resulting in a step-wise score increase from 55 to 82. Consequently， this paper proposes that the low-carbon governance of existing communities should adopt a coordinated scheduling strategy of "heavy-asset loss reduction and capacity expansion alongside lightweight biochemical blocking"， thereby providing a practical evaluation benchmark for refined emission reduction in municipal engineering.
- community municipal infrastructure /
- meso-scale /
- carbon emission accounting /
- low-carbon evaluation indicators /
- non-CO₂ greenhouse gases

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