Source Journal of CSCD
Source Journal for Chinese Scientific and Technical Papers
Core Journal of RCCSE
Included in JST China
Volume 41 Issue 10
Oct.  2023
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
WANG Qinyi, SHENG Yangyue, SONG Ningning, ZHANG Junqi, ZENG Songxi, QIAN Xiaoyong, QIU Kaipei, LIU Qizhen. PROGRESS OF CH4 AND N2O MONITORING IN FULL-SCALE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2023, 41(10): 51-60. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202310008
Citation: WANG Qinyi, SHENG Yangyue, SONG Ningning, ZHANG Junqi, ZENG Songxi, QIAN Xiaoyong, QIU Kaipei, LIU Qizhen. PROGRESS OF CH4 AND N2O MONITORING IN FULL-SCALE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2023, 41(10): 51-60. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202310008

PROGRESS OF CH4 AND N2O MONITORING IN FULL-SCALE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202310008
  • Received Date: 2023-03-16
    Available Online: 2023-12-26
  • As the core infrastructure for urban construction, the wastewater treatment plant is also a considerable contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. However, the inaccurate emission data and the inability to locate the emission sources have hindered the reduction progress of pollution and carbon emissions. To address this problem, the use of monitoring tools to obtain on-site data is needed to correct and support the current emission reduction efforts of greenhouse gases, while helping the wastewater treatment plants achieve a green transformation. A review of the recent full-scale greenhouse gas emission monitoring campaigns was conducted. The monitoring method system was summarized, the existing monitoring data from the perspective of process characteristics was analyzed, and the main influencing factors of greenhouse gas emissions were identified. Meanwhile, a reference for further research and method standardization on greenhouse gas monitoring in wastewater treatment was proposed.
  • loading
  • [1]
    IPCC.Climate Change 2014:Mitigation of Climate Change[M].New York:Cambridge University Press, 2015:413.
    [2]
    DU W J, LU J Y, HU Y R, et al.Spatiotemporal pattern of greenhouse gas emissions in China's wastewater sector and pathways towards carbon neutrality[J].Nature Water, 2023, 1:166-175.
    [3]
    YANG M, PENG M, WU D, et al.Greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants in China:historical emissions and future mitigation potentials[J].Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2023, 190:106794.
    [4]
    HUA H, JIANG S, YUAN Z, et al.Advancing greenhouse gas emission factors for municipal wastewater treatment plants in China[J].Environmental Pollution, 2022, 295:118648.
    [5]
    翟明洋, 周长波, 李晟昊, 等.污水处理行业温室气体核算模型开发及减排潜力分析[J].中国环境管理, 2022, 14(6):57-64.
    [6]
    陈田, 潘竟虎.2009-2019年中国人为CH4排放量的估算及时空格局[J].中国环境科学, 2022, 42(12):5549-5560.
    [7]
    EPA.Global non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Projections and Mitigation 2015-2050[R].Office of Atmospheric Programs, Climate Change Division:Washington, D.C, 2019.
    [8]
    ZHANG X M, REN C C, GU B J, et al.Uncertainty of nitrogen budget in China[J].Environmental Pollution, 2021, 286:117216.
    [9]
    IPCC.Climate Change 2021:the Physical Science Basis[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2021:8.
    [10]
    WANG H C.Carbon abatement in municipal wastewater treatment area[J].Water and Wastewater Engineering, 2010, 36(12):1-3, 52.
    [11]
    ZHANG X Y, ZHANG M, LIU H, et al.Environmental sustainability:a pressing challenge to biological sewage treatment processes[J].Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health, 2019, 12:1-5.
    [12]
    李东梅, 吴丹萍, 吴敏, 等.污水处理厂运行工况对温室气体排放的影响[J].化工进展, 2021, 40(12):6897-6906.
    [13]
    WU Z P, DUAN H R, LI K L, et al.A comprehensive carbon footprint analysis of different wastewater treatment plant configurations[J].Environmental Research, 2022, 214:113818.
    [14]
    FARAGÒ M, DAMGAARD A, REBSDORF M, et al.Challenges in carbon footprint evaluations of state-of-the-art municipal wastewater resource recovery facilities[J].Journal of Environmental Management, 2022, 320:115715.
    [15]
    LI L Q, WANG X H, MIAO J Y, et al.Carbon neutrality of wastewater treatment:a systematic concept beyond the plant boundary[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2022, 11:100180.
    [16]
    ZHANG Q, SMITH K, ZHAO X, et al.Greenhouse gas emissions associated with urban water infrastructure:what we have learnt from China's practice[J].Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews:Water, 2021, 8(4):e1529.
    [17]
    MANNINA G, BUTLER D, DELETIC A, et al.Greenhouse gas emissions from integrated urban drainage systems:where do we stand?[C]//14th International Conference on Urban Drainage, Prague, 2017.
    [18]
    郭清杨, 祁峰, 母锐敏, 等.污水处理厂碳排放研究进展[J].市政技术, 2023, 41(2):190-197.
    [19]
    郝晓地, 杨振理, 于文波, 等.污水处理过程N2O排放:过程机制与控制策略[J].环境科学, 2023, 44(2):1163-1173.
    [20]
    LONG H, JERVES-COBO R, MORALES O, et al.Spatial and temporal variations of greenhouse gas emissions from a waste stabilization pond:effects of sludge distribution and accumulation[J].Water Research, 2021, 193:116858.
    [21]
    FLORES-ALSINA X, ARNELL M, AMERLINCK Y, et al.Balancing effluent quality, economic cost and greenhouse gas emissions during the evaluation of (plant-wide) control/operational strategies in WWTPs[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 466:616-624.
    [22]
    CORNEJO P K, ZHANG Q, MIHELCIC J R.How does scale of implementation impact the environmental sustainability of wastewater treatment integrated with resource recovery?[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2016, 50(13):6680-6689.
    [23]
    蔡博峰, 朱松丽, 于胜民, 等.《IPCC 2006年国家温室气体清单指南2019修订版》解读[J].环境工程, 2019, 37(8):1-11.
    [24]
    BELLASSEN V, STEPHAN N, AFRIAT M, et al.Monitoring, reporting and verifying emissions in the climate economy[J].Nature Climate Change, 2015, 5(4):319-328.
    [25]
    国家发展与改革委员会.省级温室气体清单编制指南(试行)[R].北京:国家发展与改革委员会, 2011.
    [26]
    KUMAR D, TANKI A, PADHIYAR H, et al.Greenhouse gases emission control in WWTS via potential operational strategies:a critical review[J].Chemosphere, 2021, 273(3):129694.
    [27]
    SONG C H, ZHU J J, WILLIS J, et al.Methane emissions from municipal wastewater collection and treatment systems[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2023, 57(6):2248-2261.
    [28]
    GRUBER W, MAGYAR P M, MITROVIC I, et al.Tracing N2O formation in full-scale wastewater treatment with natural abundance isotopes indicates control by organic substrate and process settings[J].Water Research X, 2022, 15:100130.
    [29]
    RIBEIRO R P, FERREIRA H B P, UBERTI A E, et al.Evaluation of the spatial and temporal variability of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions at two different full-scale aerobic treatment systems used in the post-treatment of UASB effluents in Brazil[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021, 9(1):104676.
    [30]
    TUMENDELGER A, ALSHBOUL Z, LORKE A.Methane and nitrous oxide emission from different treatment units of municipal wastewater treatment plants in Southwest Germany[J].PLOS One, 2019, 14(1):e0209763.
    [31]
    DAELMAN M R, VAN VOORTHUIZEN E M, VAN DONGEN L G, et al.Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from municipal wastewater treatment-results from a long-term study[J].Water Science and Technology, 2013, 67(10):2350-2355.
    [32]
    WANG Y Y, FANG H Y, ZHOU D, et al.Characterization of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions from a full-scale biological aerated filter for secondary nitrification[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016, 299:304-313.
    [33]
    KOSONEN H, HEINONEN M, MIKOLA A, et al.Nitrous oxide production at a fully covered wastewater treatment plant:results of a long-term online monitoring campaign[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2016, 50(11):5547-5554.
    [34]
    ABOOBAKAR A, CARTMELL E, STEPHENSON T, et al.Nitrous oxide emissions and dissolved oxygen profiling in a full-scale nitrifying activated sludge treatment plant[J].Water Research, 2013, 47(2):524-534.
    [35]
    SUN S C, CHENG X, SUN D Z.Emission of N2O from a full-scale sequencing batch reactor wastewater treatment plant:characteristics and influencing factors[J].International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 2013, 85:545-549.
    [36]
    SPINELLI M, EUSEBI A, VASILAKI V, et al.Critical analyses of nitrous oxide emissions in a full scale activated sludge system treating low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio wastewater[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 190:517-524.
    [37]
    KAMPSCHREUR M, STAR W, WIELDERS H, et al.Dynamics of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emission during full-scale reject water treatment[J].Water Research, 2008, 42(3):812-826.
    [38]
    MAMPAEY K, DE KREUK M, VAN DONGEN U, et al.Identifying N2O formation and emissions from a full-scale partial nitritation reactor[J].Water Research, 2016, 88:575-585.
    [39]
    CZEPIEL P, CRILL P, HARRISS R.Methane emissions from municipal wastewater treatment processes[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 1993, 27(12):2472-2477.
    [40]
    VASILAKI V, MASSARA T, STANCHEV P, et al.A decade of nitrous oxide (N2O) monitoring in full-scale wastewater treatment processes:a critical review[J].Water Research, 2019, 161:392-412.
    [41]
    DAELMAN M R J, van VOORTHUIZEN E M, van DONGEN U G J M, et al.Seasonal and diurnal variability of N2O emissions from a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 536:1-11.
    [42]
    GRUBER W, von KÄNE L, VOGT L, et al.Estimation of countrywide N2O emissions from wastewater treatment in Switzerland using long-term monitoring data[J].Water Research X, 2021, 13:100122.
    [43]
    GRUBER W, NIEDERDORFER R, RINGWALD J, et al.Linking seasonal N2O emissions and nitrification failures to microbial dynamics in a SBR wastewater treatment plant[J].Water Research X, 2021(17):100098.
    [44]
    HWANGBO S, AL R, CHEN X, et al.Integrated model for understanding N2O emissions from wastewater treatment plants:a deep learning approach[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2021, 55(3):2143-2151.
    [45]
    PERUGINI L, PELLIS G, GRASSI G, et al.Emerging reporting and verification needs under the Paris Agreement:how can the research community effectively contribute?[J].Environmental Science and Policy, 2021, 122:116-126.
    [46]
    MARQUES R, RODRIGUEZ-CABALLERO A, OEHMEN A, et al.Assessment of online monitoring strategies for measuring N2O emissions from full-scale wastewater treatment systems[J].Water Research, 2016, 99:171-179.
    [47]
    王钊越, 赵夏滢, 唐琳慧, 等.城市污水收集与处理系统碳排放监测评估技术研究进展[J].环境工程, 2022, 40(6):77-82

    , 161.
    [48]
    RODRIGUEZ-CABALLERO A, AYMERICH I, MARQUES R, et al.Minimizing N2O emissions and carbon footprint on a full-scale activated sludge sequencing batch reactor[J].Water Research, 2015, 71:1-10.
    [49]
    臧昆鹏, 周凌晞, 方双喜, 等.新型CO2和CH4混合标气标校流程及方法[J].环境化学, 2011, 30(2):511-516.
    [50]
    汪巍, 刘冰, 李健军.大气温室气体浓度在线监测方法研究进展[J].环境工程, 2015, 33(6):125-128.
    [51]
    刘文清, 王兴平, 马国盛, 等.高灵敏腔衰荡光谱技术及其应用研究[J].光学学报, 2021, 41(1):434-450.
    [52]
    曹军, 汪琦, 徐政, 等.我国环境空气中温室气体监测技术研究进展[J].环境监控与预警, 2022, 14(1):1-6.
    [53]
    REN Y G, WANG J H, LI H F, et al.Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from different treatment processes in full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants[J].Environmental Technology, 2013, 34(21/22/23/24):2917-2927.
    [54]
    李惠娟, 彭党聪, 刘文博, 等.不同污水处理工艺非二氧化碳温室气体的释放[J].环境科学, 2017, 38(4):1640-1646.
    [55]
    HWANG K L, BANG C H, ZOH K D.Characteristics of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the wastewater treatment plant[J].Bioresource Technology, 2016, 214:881-884.
    [56]
    DEMIR Ö, YAPICIOǦLU P.Investigation of GHG emission sources and reducing GHG emissions in a municipal wastewater treatment plant[J].Greenhouse Gases:Science and Technology, 2019, 9:948-964.
    [57]
    YAN X, LI L, LIU J X.Characteristics of greenhouse gas emission in three full-scale wastewater treatment processes[J].环境科学学报:英文版, 2014, 26(2):256-263.
    [58]
    WANG J H, ZHANG J, XIE H J, et al.Methane emissions from a full-scale A/A/O wastewater treatment plant[J].Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(9):5479-5485.
    [59]
    王金鹤.城镇污水处理厂中温室气体的释放研究[D].济南:山东大学, 2011.
    [60]
    WANG J H, ZHANG J, WANG J, et al.Nitrous oxide emissions from a typical northern Chinese municipal wastewater treatment plant[J].Desalination and Water Treatment, 2011, 32(1/2/3):145-152.
    [61]
    WANG Y Y, LIN X M, DONG Z, et al.Nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emissions from a full-scale activated sludge anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016, 289:330-340.
    [62]
    柳岩.城市污水处理厂污水处理过程中CH4排放规律研究[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2013.
    [63]
    孙世昌.城市污水处理典型工艺N2O的释放特征及减排策略研究[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2014.
    [64]
    LIU Y, CHENG X, LUN X X, et al.CH4 emission and conversion from A2O and SBR processes in full-scale wastewater treatment plants[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2014, 26(1):224-230.
    [65]
    SUN S C, CHENG X, LI S, et al.N2O emission from full-scale urban wastewater treatment plants:a comparison between A2O and SBR[J].Water Science and Technology, 2013, 67(9):1887-1893.
    [66]
    FOLEY J, de HAAS D, YUAN Z G, et al.Nitrous oxide generation in full-scale biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plants[J].Water Research, 2010, 44(3):831-844.
    [67]
    亓鹏玉, 张建, 王金鹤, 等.城市污水处理厂甲烷的释放通量[J].环境工程学报, 2012, 6(3):843-847.
    [68]
    MASUDA S, SANO I, HOJO T, et al.The comparison of greenhouse gas emissions in sewage treatment plants with different treatment processes[J].Chemosphere, 2018, 193:581-590.
    [69]
    LIU Y, NI B J, LAW Y, et al.A novel methodology to quantify nitrous oxide emissions from full-scale wastewater treatment systems with surface aerators[J].Water Research, 2014, 48(1):257-268.
    [70]
    NI B J, YE L, LAW Y, et al.Mathematical modeling of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from full-scale wastewater treatment plants[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2013, 47(14):7795-7803.
    [71]
    CHEN X M, MIELCZAREK A T, HABICHT K, et al.Assessment of full-scale N2O emission characteristics and testing of control concepts in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant with alternating aerobic and anoxic phases[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2019, 53(21):12485-12494.
    [72]
    DUAN H R, van DEN AKKER B, THWAITES B J, et al.Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant[J].Water Research, 2020, 185:116196.
    [73]
    BAE W B, PARK Y, CHANDRAN K, et al.Temporal triggers of N2O emissions during cyclical and seasonal variations of a full-scale sequencing batch reactor treating municipal wastewater[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 797:149093.
    [74]
    王金鹤, 张建.城镇污水处理厂SBR工艺中N2O的释放通量研究[J].山东建筑大学学报, 2012, 27(1):43-46

    , 54.
    [75]
    BAO Z Y, SUN S C, SUN D Z.Assessment of greenhouse gas emission from A/O and SBR wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China[J].International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 2016, 108:108-114.
    [76]
    SUN S C, XIANG C, SUN D Z.Emission of N2O from a full-scale sequencing batch reactor wastewater treatment plant:characteristics and influencing factors[J].International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 2013, 85(7):545-549.
    [77]
    FENU A, WAMBECQ T, de GUSSEM K, et al.Nitrous oxide gas emissions estimated by liquid-phase measurements:robustness and financial opportunity in single and multi-point monitoring campaigns[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020, 27(1):890-898.
    [78]
    PIJUAN M, TORA J, RODRIGUEZ-CABALLERO A, et al.Effect of process parameters and operational mode on nitrous oxide emissions from a nitritation reactor treating reject wastewater[J].Water Research, 2014, 49:23-33.
    [79]
    GRUBER W, VILLEZ K, KIPF M, et al.N2O emission in full-scale wastewater treatment:Proposing a refined monitoring strategy[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 699:134157.
    [80]
    SPÉRANDIO M, POCQUET M, GUO L S, et al.Evaluation of different nitrous oxide production models with four continuous long-term wastewater treatment process data series[J].Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2016, 39(3):493-510.
    [81]
    FRISON N, CHIUMENTI A, KATSOU E, et al.Mitigating off-gas emissions in the biological nitrogen removal via nitrite process treating anaerobic effluents[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, 93(15):126-133.
    [82]
    NI B J, PAN Y, van DEN AKKER B, et al.Full-scale modeling explaining large spatial variations of nitrous oxide fluxes in a step-feed plug-flow wastewater treatment reactor[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2015, 49(15):9176-9184.
    [83]
    DAELMAN M R, van VOORTHUIZEN E M, van DONGEN U G, et al.Methane emission during municipal wastewater treatment[J].Water Research, 2012, 46(11):3657-3670.
    [84]
    SUN S C, BAO Z Y, LI R Y, et al.Reduction and prediction of N2O emission from an Anoxic/Oxic wastewater treatment plant upon DO control and model simulation[J].Bioresource Technology, 2017, 244(1):800-809.
    [85]
    CZEPIEL P, CRILL P, HARRISS R.Nitrous oxide emissions from municipal wastewater treatment[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 1995, 29(9):2352-2356.
    [86]
    RIBERA-GUARDIA A, BOSCH L, COROMINAS L, et al.Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from a plug-flow full-scale bioreactor and assessment of its carbon footprint[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 212:162-172.
    [87]
    BOLLON J, FILALI A, FAYOLLE Y, et al.N2O emissions from full-scale nitrifying biofilters[J].Water Research, 2016, 102:41-51.
    [88]
    RODRIGUEZ-CABALLERO A, AYMERICH I, POCH M, et al.Evaluation of process conditions triggering emissions of green-house gases from a biological wastewater treatment system[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 493(15):384-391.
    [89]
    CHIEMCHAISRI C, CHIEMCHAISRI W, MANOCHAI N.Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a two-stage membrane bioreactor applied in municipal landfill leachate treatment[J].Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2020, 22:365-374.
    [90]
    柳岩, 孙世昌, 孙德智, 等.A/O工艺处理市政污水温室气体CH4排放规律的研究[J].安全与环境学报, 2014, 14(5):217-221.
    [91]
    陈敏敏, 刘杰, 张震, 等.中国城镇污水处理工艺的主要污染物去除效率分析[J].环境污染与防治, 2021, 43(10):1321-1324

    , 1328.
    [92]
    吴芳磊, 贺航运, 陈博涵, 等.低C/N进水城镇污水厂低溶解氧运行效能及微生物变化[J].环境工程学报, 2022, 16(8):2711-2719.
    [93]
    中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.中国城乡建设统计年鉴2021[M].北京:中国计划出版社, 2022.
    [94]
    郭盛杰, 黄海伟, 董欣, 等.中国城镇污水处理行业温室气体排放核算及其时空特征分析[J].给水排水, 2019, 55(4):56-62.
    [95]
    佟庆远, 孙傅, 董欣, 等.污水处理厂减排效率的统计评价及影响因素分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2019, 29(4):49-57.
    [96]
    梅小乐, 周燕.城市污水处理厂节能水平评估标准探讨[J].给水排水, 2011, 47(3):45-49.
    [97]
    杨淦翔, 万莉, 王航, 等.污水处理厂能耗分析及节能降耗的措施与应用[J].资源节约与环保, 2021(10):12-14.
    [98]
    ITOKAWA H, HANAKI K, MATSUO T.Nitrous oxide production in high-loading biological nitrogen removal process under low COD/N ratio condition[J].Water Research, 2001, 35(3):657-664.
    [99]
    巩有奎, 彭永臻.温度变化对短程生物脱氮及N2O释放影响[J].水处理技术, 2020, 46(8):110-115

    , 120.
    [100]
    REN Y G, WANG J H, XU L, et al.Direct emissions of N2O, CO2, and CH4 from A/A/O bioreactor systems:impact of influent C/N ratio[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2015, 22(11):8163-8173.
    [101]
    PAN Y T, BEN V, YE L, et al.Unravelling the spatial variation of nitrous oxide emissions from a step-feed plug-flow full scale wastewater treatment plant[J].Scientific Reports, 2016, 6(2):20792.
    [102]
    STEIN L, KLOTZ M, LANCASTER K M, et al.Comment on"a critical review on nitrous oxide production by ammonia-oxidizing archaea"by Lan Wu, Xueming Chen, Wei Wei, Yiwen Liu, Dongbo Wang, and Bing-Jie Ni[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2021, 55:797-798.
    [103]
    MASSARA T, MALAMIS S, GUISASOLA A, et al.A review on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions during biological nutrient removal from municipal wastewater and sludge reject water[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 596:106-123.
    [104]
    DUAN H R, ZHAO Y F, KOCH K, et al.Insights into nitrous oxide mitigation strategies in wastewater treatment and challenges for wider implementation[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2021, 55(8):7208-7224.
    [105]
    任佳雪, 程海鹰, 孟丹, 等.基于系统动力学模型的城市生活污水处理系统的甲烷排放特征及减排潜力分析[J].环境工程学报, 2022, 16(11):3655-3663.
    [106]
    邱德志, 陈纯, 郭丽, 等.基于排放因子法的中国主要城市群城镇污水厂温室气体排放特征[J].环境工程, 2022, 40(6):116-122.
    [107]
    钱晓雍, 胡静, 李丹, 等.上海城镇污水处理厂温室气体排放核算及其特征[J].中国给水排水, 2022, 38(21):39-44.
    [108]
    中国城镇供水排水协会.城镇水务2035年行业发展规划纲要[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2021.
    [109]
    国家发展和改革委员会."十四五"城镇污水处理及资源化利用发展规划[R].北京:国家发展和改革委员会, 2021.
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Article Metrics

    Article views (175) PDF downloads(12) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return