Coastal defense in typhoon by mangroves: A case study of Hailing Island, Yangjiang, Guangdong

ZHANG Huangchen; FENG Mengjia; XIONG Lanlan; XUE Liming; XU Tianping; HU Zhan; LIU Zezheng

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202502018

Volume 43 Issue 2

Feb. 2025

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING > 2025 > 43(2): 177-185

ZHANG Huangchen, FENG Mengjia, XIONG Lanlan, XUE Liming, XU Tianping, HU Zhan, LIU Zezheng. Coastal defense in typhoon by mangroves: A case study of Hailing Island, Yangjiang, Guangdong[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(2): 177-185. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202502018

Citation:

ZHANG Huangchen, FENG Mengjia, XIONG Lanlan, XUE Liming, XU Tianping, HU Zhan, LIU Zezheng. Coastal defense in typhoon by mangroves: A case study of Hailing Island, Yangjiang, Guangdong[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(2): 177-185. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202502018

Citation:

ZHANG Huangchen, FENG Mengjia, XIONG Lanlan, XUE Liming, XU Tianping, HU Zhan, LIU Zezheng. Coastal defense in typhoon by mangroves: A case study of Hailing Island, Yangjiang, Guangdong[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(2): 177-185. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202502018

PDF( 0 KB)

Coastal defense in typhoon by mangroves: A case study of Hailing Island, Yangjiang, Guangdong

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202502018

1. Guangdong Center for Marine Development Research, Guangzhou 510220, China;
2. School of Marine Science, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China

Received Date: 2024-12-02
Accepted Date: 2025-01-06
Rev Recd Date: 2024-12-25

Abstract

Abstract

Mangroves are located at the key intersections on the sea-to-land ecological corridor, playing a pivotal role in sustaining maritime hydrology-biology connectivity. Limited by data availability and observation technology during typhoon events, the capacity of mangroves to regulate hydrodynamic processes and deliver coastal protection functions as a consequence, remains unclear till now, which would hamper further engineering practice in coastal protection. In this study, we set the mangroves on Hailing Island, Guangdong Province, China, as a representative case, to investigate the attenuation of storm surge and wave heights by mangrove forests, under typhoon conditions (super typhoon Yagi in 2024). The analysis used a coupled Delft3D FM-Delft3D model framework, validated with in-situ measurements collected during the event. The results revealed that the coupled model successfully simulated the storm surge and wave propagation processes across the environmental gradient from open sea to mudflat, and further into the mangrove forest. The wave height attenuation rate of mangroves ranged from 0.28% to 0.64% per meter, and the water level attenuation rate varied between 1.46 cm and 18.69 cm per kilometer, outperforming the attenuation rates in mudflat and unvegetated scenarios. Furthermore, the contribution of mangrove vegetation to wave height attenuation ranged from 43% to 69%, markedly higher than its contribution to water level attenuation, which ranged from 0.2% to 32%. This study highlights the variability in attenuation capacities of mangrove forests for storm surges and wave heights under typhoon conditions. These findings provide valuable scientific evidence supporting the integration of mangroves into nature-based coastal defense strategies, highlighting that the conservation and restoration of mangrove ecosystems offer sustainable solutions to mitigate the impacts of extreme weather events and would consequently contribute to long-term coastal resilience and disaster risk reduction.
- mangrove,
- typhoon,
- storm tide,
- coastal protection,
- disaster mitigation

FullText(HTML)

References(37)

References

[1]	张小霞, 林鹏智. 滨海植物的海岸带减灾特性研究综述[J]. 海洋通报, 2023, 42(5): 585-600. ZHANG X X, LIN P Z. A review of coastal disaster mitigation by vegetation[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2023, 42(5): 585-600.
[2]	陈新平, 王斌, 尹子祺, 等.红树林防灾减灾功能研究进展及保护修复建议[J]. 海洋通报, 2023, 42(4): 469-480. CHEN X P, WANG B, YIN Z Q, et al. Research progress on mangrove forest disaster prevention and mitigation functions and suggestions for protection and restoration[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2023, 42(4): 469-480.
[3]	戴志军, 周晓妍, 王杰, 等. 红树林潮滩沉积动力研究进展与展望[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(3): 69-75. DAI Z J, ZHOU X Y, WANG J, et al. Review and prospect of mangrove tidal flat sedimentary dynamics[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(3): 69-75.
[4]	HORSTMAN E M, DOHMEN-JANSSEN C M, NARRA P M F, et al. Wave attenuation in mangroves: a quantitative approach to field observations[J]. Coastal Engineering, 2014, 94: 47-62.
[5]	王日明, 戴志军, 黄鹄, 等. 南流江河口桐花树生物动力地貌过程研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2021, 43(9): 102-114. WANG R M, DAI Z J, HUANG H, et al. Research on bio-morphodynamic processes of Aegiceras corniculatum in the Nanliu River Estuary[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2021, 43(9): 102-114.
[6]	ZHANG K, LIU H, LI Y, et al. 2012. The role of mangroves in attenuating storm surges[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2012, 102/103: 11-23.
[7]	朱俊宁, 宋德海, 陈光程, 等. 红树林植株形态及种植密度对消波能力影响的数值模拟研究[J]. 应用海洋学学报, 2023, 42(2): 264-276. ZHU J N, SONG D H, CHEN G C, et al. Numerical simulation on the effects of mangrove morphology and planting density on wave attenuation capacity[J]. Journal of Applied Oceanography, 2023, 42(2): 264-276.
[8]	英晓明, 赵明利. 广东省风暴潮海洋灾害特征及风险防控对策研究[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2020, 37(6): 30-33. YING X M, ZHAO M L. The characteristics of storm surge marine disaster and countermeasures in Guangdong Province[J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2020, 37(6): 30-33.
[9]	宿海良, 东高红, 王猛, 等. 1949—2018年登陆台风的主要特征及灾害成因分析研究[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2020, 45(5): 128-131. SU H L, DONG G H, WANG M, et al. Analysis on main characteristics and casues of landfall typhoons in recent 70 years[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2020, 45(5): 128-131.
[10]	van ZELST V T M, DIJKSTRA J T, van WESENBEECK B K, et al. Cutting the costs of coastal protection by integrating vegetation in flood defences[J]. Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 6533.
[11]	贾明明, 王宗明, 毛德华, 等. 面向可持续发展目标的中国红树林近50年变化分析[J]. 科学通报, 2021, 66(30): 3886-3901. JIA M M, WANG Z M, MAO D H, et al. Spatial-temporal changes of China’s mangrove forests over the past 50 years: an analysis towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)[J]. China Science Bulletin, 2021, 66(30): 3886-3901.
[12]	韩鹏, 郭桂祯, 孙宁, 等. 广东省台风灾害时空格局及影响因素研究[J]. 灾害学, 2022, 37(3): 112-117. HAN P, GUO G Z, SUN N, et al. Spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of typhoon disasters in Guangdong Province, China[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2022, 37(3): 112-117.
[13]	殷洁, 吴绍洪, 戴尔阜. 广东省台风灾害经济损失风险评估[J]. 资源与生态学报(英文), 2012, 3(2): 144-150. YIN J, WU S H, DAI E F. Assessment of economic damage risks from typhoon disasters in Guangdong, China[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2012, 3(2): 144-150.
[14]	PRONK M, HOOIJER A, EILANDER D, et al. DeltaDTM: a global coastal digital terrain model[J]. Scientific Data, 2024, 11(1): 273.
[15]	POWELL M D, HOUSTON S H, REINHOLD T A. Hurricane Andrew’s landfall in South Florida. Part Ⅰ: standardizing measurements for documentation of surface wind fields[J]. Weather and Forecasting, 1996, 11(3): 304-328.
[16]	WILLOUGHBY H, RAHN M. Parametric representation of the primary hurricane vortex. Part Ⅰ: observations and evaluation of the Holland (1980) model[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 2004, 132(12): 3033-3048.
[17]	YIN X, ZHANG R, XU X, et al. Wind and wave under strong tropical cyclones[C]//2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). IEEE, 2016: 4607-4610.
[18]	KOCH E W, BARBIER E B, SILLIMAN B R, et al. Non-linearity in ecosystem services: temporal and spatial variability in coastal protection[J]. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2009, 7(1): 29-37.
[19]	TEMMERMAN S, HORSTMAN E M, KRAUSS K W, et al. Marshes and mangroves as nature-based coastal storm buffers[J]. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2023, 15(15): 95-118.
[20]	GEDAN K B, KIRWAN M L, WOLANSKI E, et al. The present and future role of coastal wetland vegetation in protecting shorelines: answering recent challenges to the paradigm[J]. Climatic Change, 2011, 106(1): 7-29.
[21]	NARAYAN S, BECK M W, REGUERO B G, et al. The effectiveness, costs and coastal protection benefits of natural and nature-based defences[J]. PLOS One, 2016, 11(5): e0154735.
[22]	MONTGOMERY J M, BRYAN K R, HORSTMAN E M, et al. Attenuation of tides and surges by mangroves: contrasting case studies from New Zealand[J]. Water, 2018, 10(9): 1119.
[23]	DEB M, BENEDICT J J, SUN N, et al. Estuarine hurricane wind can intensify surge-dominated extreme water level in shallow and converging coastal systems[J]. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2024, 24: 2461-2479.
[24]	ZHOU X, DAI Z, PANG W, et al. Wave attenuation over mangroves in the Nanliu Delta, China[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022, 9: 874818.
[25]	BEST Ü S, van der WEGEN M, DIJKSTRA J, et al. Wave attenuation potential, sediment properties and mangrove growth dynamics data over Guyana’s intertidal mudflats: assessing the potential of mangrove restoration works[J]. Earth System Science Data, 2022, 14: 1-24.
[26]	LOPEZ-ARIAS F, MAZA M, CALLEJA F, et al. Integrated drag coefficient formula for estimating the wave attenuation capacity of Rhizophora sp. mangrove forests[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024, 11: 1383368.
[27]	LIU H, ZHANG K, LI Y, et al. Numerical study of the sensitivity of mangroves in reducing storm surge and flooding to hurricane characteristics in southern Florida[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2013, 64: 51-65.
[28]	MAZDA Y, MAGI M, IKEDA Y, et al. Wave reduction in a mangrove forest dominated by Sonneratia sp[J]. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2006, 14(4): 365-378.
[29]	QUARTEL S, KROON A, AUGUSTINUS P G E F, et al. Wave attenuation in coastal mangroves in the Red River Delta, Vietnam[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2007, 29(4): 576-584.
[30]	CHEN Q, LI Y, KELLY D M, et al. Improved modeling of the role of mangroves in storm surge attenuation[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2021, 260: 107515.
[31]	ZHOU X, DAI Z, CARNIELLO L, et al. Linkage between mangrove wetland dynamics and wave attenuation during a storm: a case study of the Nanliu Delta, China[J]. Marine Geology, 2022, 454: 106946.
[32]	GIJSMAN R, HORSTMAN E M, van der WAL D, et al. Nature-based engineering: a review on reducing coastal flood risk with mangroves[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021, 8: 702412.
[33]	ZHANG R, CHEN Y, LEI J, et al. Experimental investigation of wave attenuation by mangrove forests with submerged canopies[J]. Coastal Engineering, 2023, 186: 104403.
[34]	HENDERSON S M, NORRIS B K, MULLARNEY J C, et al. Wave-frequency flows within a near-bed vegetation canopy[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2017, 147: 91-101.
[35]	MONTGOMERY J M, BRYAN K R, MULLARNEY J C, et al. Attenuation of storm surges by coastal mangroves[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2019, 46(5): 2680-2689.
[36]	LOVELOCK C E, FELLER I C, REEF R, et al. Mangrove dieback during fluctuating sea levels[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 1680.
[37]	HICKEY S M, RADFORD B, CALLOW J N, et al. ENSO feedback drives variations in dieback at a marginal mangrove site[J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1): 8130.