Research progress on formation mechanisms, functional performance, and prevention technologies of clogging in constructed wetland

FU Chengkai; HU Zhen; XU Peipei; LIU Huaqing; WANG Shuo; ZHAO Qian; ZHAO Yanhui; ZHANG Jian

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202503015

Volume 43 Issue 3

Mar. 2025

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Article Navigation > ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING > 2025 > 43(3): 178-190

FU Chengkai, HU Zhen, XU Peipei, LIU Huaqing, WANG Shuo, ZHAO Qian, ZHAO Yanhui, ZHANG Jian. Research progress on formation mechanisms, functional performance, and prevention technologies of clogging in constructed wetland[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(3): 178-190. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202503015

Citation:

FU Chengkai, HU Zhen, XU Peipei, LIU Huaqing, WANG Shuo, ZHAO Qian, ZHAO Yanhui, ZHANG Jian. Research progress on formation mechanisms, functional performance, and prevention technologies of clogging in constructed wetland[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(3): 178-190. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202503015

Citation:

FU Chengkai, HU Zhen, XU Peipei, LIU Huaqing, WANG Shuo, ZHAO Qian, ZHAO Yanhui, ZHANG Jian. Research progress on formation mechanisms, functional performance, and prevention technologies of clogging in constructed wetland[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(3): 178-190. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202503015

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Research progress on formation mechanisms, functional performance, and prevention technologies of clogging in constructed wetland

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202503015

1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
2. College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;
3. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China

Received Date: 2024-12-05
Accepted Date: 2025-01-21
Rev Recd Date: 2025-01-05

Available Online: 2025-06-07

Publish Date: 2025-03-01

Abstract

Abstract

Constructed wetland （CW） has been widely utilized in watershed environmental management and regional water recycling due to its low cost and high water purification efficiency. However， because of processes including nutrient accumulation， excessive microbial growth， and plant decay， CW is prone to clogging after long-term operation， which would seriously affect its water purification efficiency and reduce its service life. Thus， clogging has emerged as one of the critical bottlenecks that limits the large-scale application of CW. The capacity to rapidly and accurately identify the underlying causes of CW clogging， and subsequently implement targeted and effective measures has become the key for ensuring the long-term and stable operation of CW. In this study， a detailed analysis of the impact of clogging processes on the core functions of CW， including water purification， carbon sequestration， and greenhouse gas emission reduction， was conducted. The mechanisms for clogging formation in CW， including particle interception， chemical adsorption and precipitation， plant growth， and microbial metabolism， were systematically elucidated. Especially， the interrelationship between these mechanisms and how their interactions accelerate clogging， which ultimately leading to the degradation of the CW’s overall performance， was thoroughly analyzed. In addition， a comprehensive review was conducted on common and possible CW clogging detection methods from three dimensions， i.e.， analysis of water flow field characteristics， analysis of matrix physical characteristics， and analysis of blockage substance characteristics. Currently， various technologies have been used for clogging detection in CW， ranging from traditional tracer detection， hydraulic conductivity measurement， and hydraulic model analysis， to more advanced technologies such as nuclear magnetic resonance sensors and electrical detection technology. The advantages and disadvantages of different detection techniques were compared. Finally， the existing clogging control strategies were summarized from the entire process of CW design， operation， and management， in order to provide a reference for the scientific selection of clogging prevention and control measures for CW. Pre-treatment can reduce suspended solids and organic load in wastewater， reducing the risk of clogging at the source； operational management strategies can optimize the redox environment within the substrate； and by adding chemical oxidants and biological solubilizers， the accumulation of clogging materials can be effectively decomposed or reduced. Future researches should focus on improving the accuracy of CW clogging models， promoting the advancement of clogging detection methods， and regulating microbial metabolic activities to delay or even avoid the occurrence of clogging， aiming at the successful achievement of long-term stability and efficiency operation of CW systems.
- constructed wetland,
- clogging,
- formation mechanisms,
- detection method,
- clogging prevention and control

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References(100)

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