Purification effect of <i>yellow water</i> in the water-circulating flush toilet and design of the treatment system

ZHANG Jinyu; SHEN Yujun; WANG Huihui; JIA Yiman; DING Jingtao; WANG Liming; LI Danyang; ZHOU Yawen; ZHANG Aiqin; FAN Shengyuan

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202504014

Volume 43 Issue 4

Apr. 2025

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Article Navigation > ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING > 2025 > 43(4): 143-155

ZHANG J Y，SHEN Y J，WANG H H，et al.Purification effect of yellow water in the water-circulating flush toilet and design of the treatment system ［J］.Environmental Engineering，2025，43（4）：143-155. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202504014

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Purification effect of yellow water in the water-circulating flush toilet and design of the treatment system

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202504014

1. College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China;
2. Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection, Institute of Planning and Design, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beijing 100125, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet Revolution and Wastewater Management Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beijing 100125, China

Received Date: 2024-02-04
Accepted Date: 2024-06-19
Rev Recd Date: 2024-04-12
Publish Date: 2025-04-01

Abstract

Abstract

At present，the common types of toilets in rural areas of China are generally characterized by the backword waste treatment technology，poor resource utilization and insufficient water-saving，which constrains the promotion of the "toilet revolution" in rural areas. In this paper，based on the fecal-urine segregation-type flush toilet，the filler adsorption coupled with soil filtration was applied to treat the yellow water in the toilet，rice husk biochar and zeolite were chosen as the fillers of the adsorption system， and zeolite， coal ash residue， corn cob，iron particles and garden soil were used as the fillers of the soil filtration system. The experimental parameters such as hydraulic load，toilet flushing water volume and wet/dry ratio were designed to investigate the adsorption effects of nitrogen and phosphorus in the yellow water and the purification capacity. The better parameters were screened out and selected，and a long-term operation was carried out to evaluate the stability of the system operation and the replacement cycle of the test filler. The results showed that with the parameters of hydraulic load of 0.34 m³/（m²·d），toilet flushing volume of 3 L，and wet/dry ratio of 2∶1，the treatment system had the best effect on nutrient recovery and pollutant purification of yellow water. Under these conditions，the system operated stably for 98 d without any blockage. The average removal rates of TN and TP in the total effluent were both higher than 94%，and the average concentration of COD was 21.57 mg/L，which met the requirements of ISO 30500 effluent standard. According to the test parameters，based on the applications in rural single-family households，the key components were parameterized and integrated to carry out the overall design of the toilet，which finally formed a new type of water-recirculating flush toilets. This study provides an important reference for the local resource utilization of yellow water and resource recycling water-saving toilet technology in rural areas of China.
- yellow water,
- filler adsorption,
- component design,
- water purification

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References

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