Optimization of preparation of ceramsite using fly ash， red mud and sludge by response surface methodology and its lead removal mechanism

ZHAO Mingjia; YANG Yi; ZHAO Rui; DONG Chengxuan; SHU Qilin

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202504024

Volume 43 Issue 4

Apr. 2025

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Article Navigation > ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING > 2025 > 43(4): 242-250

ZHAO M J，YANG Y，ZHAO R，et al.Optimization of preparation of ceramsite using fly ash， red mud and sludge by response surface methodology and its lead removal mechanism［J］.Environmental Engineering，2025，43（4）：242-250. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202504024

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Optimization of preparation of ceramsite using fly ash， red mud and sludge by response surface methodology and its lead removal mechanism

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202504024

ZHAO Mingjia¹,
YANG Yi^{1,2,3
,},
ZHAO Rui¹,
DONG Chengxuan¹,
SHU Qilin^1,2,3

1. School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China

Received Date: 2023-08-02
Accepted Date: 2024-01-22
Rev Recd Date: 2023-12-26
Publish Date: 2025-04-01

Abstract

Abstract

Fly ash， red mud， and sludge were utilized as raw materials to prepare the ceramsite by the sintering method in this research， to investigate the adsorption effect of ceramsite and mechanism for Pb²⁺ removal. The optimal conditions for preparing ceramsite of fly ash， red mud， and sludge were determined by using the response surface method on the basis of the insights gained from preliminary single factor experiments. In order to investigate the adsorption characteristics of the ceramsite on low concentrations of Pb²⁺ in water， characterization analysis was conducted on the ceramsite， combined with the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm model fitting. The results showed that the response surface model had a good prediction performance， and the relative error between the measured values and the predicted values was 1.75%. The influence of each preparation factor on the adsorption effect of Pb²⁺ on ceramsite followed a descending order of sintering temperature， sintering time and preheating temperature. The ceramsite prepared in the conditions of raw material ratio （fly ash：red mud：sludge） of 75∶20∶5， preheating temperature of 359℃， sintering temperature of 1053℃， and sintering time of 9 min had the best adsorption performance， and the removal rate and adsorption capacity of Pb²⁺ at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L by the ceramsite were found to be 91.05% and 9.11 mg/g， respectively. The adsorption process of Pb²⁺ with an initial concentration of 5， 10mg/L by ceramsite， was in accordance with the quasi secondary kinetic model （with the R² of 0.9992 and 0.9981， respectively） and Langmuir adsorption isothermal model （with the R² of 0.9986 and 0.9967， respectively）. The functional groups such as O—H， C＝O， C＝C， Si—O and Al—O played an important role in the adsorption process of Pb²⁺ by ceramsite. The crystallinity of ceramsite mineral components decreased after the adsorption of Pb²⁺.
- response surface methodology,
- solid waste,
- ceramsite,
- Pb²⁺,
- adsorption,
- mechanism

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