Migration， transformation and ecotoxicity of heavy metals of the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge

WANG Hang; CHEN Xiang; WANG Xiankai; LI Kun; QIAO Xueyuan; LIU Feng; LIU Yangsheng

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202506008

Volume 43 Issue 6

Jun. 2025

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WANG Hang, CHEN Xiang, WANG Xiankai, LI Kun, QIAO Xueyuan, LIU Feng, LIU Yangsheng. Migration， transformation and ecotoxicity of heavy metals of the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(6): 77-85. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202506008

Citation:

WANG Hang, CHEN Xiang, WANG Xiankai, LI Kun, QIAO Xueyuan, LIU Feng, LIU Yangsheng. Migration， transformation and ecotoxicity of heavy metals of the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(6): 77-85. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202506008

Citation:

WANG Hang, CHEN Xiang, WANG Xiankai, LI Kun, QIAO Xueyuan, LIU Feng, LIU Yangsheng. Migration， transformation and ecotoxicity of heavy metals of the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(6): 77-85. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202506008

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Migration， transformation and ecotoxicity of heavy metals of the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202506008

WANG Hang^1,2,
CHEN Xiang^1,2,
WANG Xiankai^1,2,
LI Kun^1,2,
QIAO Xueyuan^1,2,
LIU Feng^1,2,
LIU Yangsheng^{3
,
,}

1. National Engineering Research Center for Ecological Environment of Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan 430014, China;
2. Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China;
3. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received Date: 2024-06-18
Accepted Date: 2024-07-14
Rev Recd Date: 2024-06-27

Abstract

Abstract

This study explored the impact of hydrothermal carbonization（HTC） reaction conditions， including reaction temperature， reaction time， and reaction medium on the properties of HMs in sewage sludge. Experimental investigations demonstrated that HTC enriched HMs in the hydrochar， transforming them from unstable fractions （F1/F2/F3） to more stable fractions （F4/F5）. The stabilization degree correlated positively with reaction intensity， with temperature playing a more significant role. The results revealed that HTC greatly reduced the ecological toxicity of HMs. Under neutral conditions， Zn， Cu， Cr， and Ni exhibited low risk levels， while Mn remained at a medium level. The use of 2% H₂SO₄ as the reaction medium at 220°C for 1 hour was identified as the optimal condition， wherein all HMs in the hydrochar achieved low-risk levels. Furthermore， HTC also reduced leaching toxicity， as measured by SPLP， TCLP， and PBET. This suggests that HTC is a promising technology for the safe and effective disposal of sewage sludge， as it transforms sludge into a low-risk material. The comprehensive analysis of HMs migration， transformation， and ecotoxicity under different HTC conditions provides valuable insights for future research and practical applications.
- sewage sludge,
- hydrothermal carbonization,
- hydrochar,
- heavy metals,
- ecological toxicity

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References(24)

References

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