Progress and prospects of resource-oriented research on directed conversion of pollutants in municipal wastewater treatment plants

FENG Zhe; YANG Qing

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202508099

Volume 43 Issue 8

Aug. 2025

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FENG Zhe, YANG Qing. Progress and prospects of resource-oriented research on directed conversion of pollutants in municipal wastewater treatment plants[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(8): 1-13. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202508099

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FENG Zhe, YANG Qing. Progress and prospects of resource-oriented research on directed conversion of pollutants in municipal wastewater treatment plants[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(8): 1-13. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202508099

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Progress and prospects of resource-oriented research on directed conversion of pollutants in municipal wastewater treatment plants

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202508099

FENG Zhe,
YANG Qing^,

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

Received Date: 2025-05-25
Accepted Date: 2025-07-21
Rev Recd Date: 2025-06-10

Abstract

Abstract

Municipal wastewater treatment plants are undergoing a profound paradigm shift， transitioning from their traditional role of pollutant removal to becoming integrated hubs for resource and energy recovery. Through a systematic review of the development of wastewater treatment technology， the complete evolution is clearly demonstrated—from initial water body self-purification， to organic matter removal， then to nitrogen and phosphorus elimination， and finally to contemporary resource recycling. This development reflects not only advances in wastewater treatment technology， but also a deepening human understanding of environmental protection and resource recycling. During in-depth analysis of current treatment methods， it is not difficult to identify their existing limitations. For example， carbon emissions are more significant in the current treatment process， including direct emissions of methane （CH₄） and nitrous oxide （N₂O）， as well as indirect emissions from high power consumption. There are also issues of secondary pollution across the media， such as fugitive odor gases and difficulties in sludge disposal. These issues not only affect the environmental benefits of wastewater treatment plants， but also harm their economic benefits and social image. For the three main pollutants， namely carbon， nitrogen， and phosphorus， the treatment technologies commonly used in wastewater treatment plants at present include anaerobic digestion， bioelectrochemical systems， and chemical precipitation， which are effective in recovering resource products， such as methane， ammonium salts， and guano stones. In the future， wastewater treatment plants will need to adopt the core concept of "targeted conversion and resourcing" and actively seek breakthroughs in emerging technologies to achieve precise， targeted conversion and resource recovery from pollutants such as carbon， nitrogen， phosphorus， and sulfur. To achieve this goal， these plants should build a system characterized by "resource demand-led， technology innovation-driven， and directed conversion implementation". Through this system， it can promote the formation of a "water-energy-material" composite system and realize the transformation from an end-to-end treatment unit to a multi-resource symbiosis hub. Such a transformation will not only help to enhance the comprehensive benefits of the wastewater treatment plant but also provide sustainable solutions for achieving the Double Carbon Goals and promoting the circular economy， thus making greater contributions to the sustainable development of society.
- wastewater treatment,
- pollutants,
- resource utilization,
- directed conversion,
- carbon emission

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References(72)

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