Characteristics of water pollution and spatial differentiation mechanisms in typical manganese mining areas： a three-factor-driven analysis based on single-factor and comprehensive pollution indices

YU Zhiyuan; WU Zhengqing; XU Youze; OU Jian; XI Yanni; CHENG Yuliang; PENG Jiyi; DENG Yongchao; CHEN Lingbo

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202512003

Volume 43 Issue 12

Dec. 2025

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Article Navigation > ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING > 2025 > 43(12): 21-27

YU Zhiyuan, WU Zhengqing, XU Youze, OU Jian, XI Yanni, CHENG Yuliang, PENG Jiyi, DENG Yongchao, CHEN Lingbo. Characteristics of water pollution and spatial differentiation mechanisms in typical manganese mining areas： a three-factor-driven analysis based on single-factor and comprehensive pollution indices[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(12): 21-27. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202512003

Citation:

YU Zhiyuan, WU Zhengqing, XU Youze, OU Jian, XI Yanni, CHENG Yuliang, PENG Jiyi, DENG Yongchao, CHEN Lingbo. Characteristics of water pollution and spatial differentiation mechanisms in typical manganese mining areas： a three-factor-driven analysis based on single-factor and comprehensive pollution indices[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(12): 21-27. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202512003

Citation:

YU Zhiyuan, WU Zhengqing, XU Youze, OU Jian, XI Yanni, CHENG Yuliang, PENG Jiyi, DENG Yongchao, CHEN Lingbo. Characteristics of water pollution and spatial differentiation mechanisms in typical manganese mining areas： a three-factor-driven analysis based on single-factor and comprehensive pollution indices[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(12): 21-27. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202512003

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Characteristics of water pollution and spatial differentiation mechanisms in typical manganese mining areas： a three-factor-driven analysis based on single-factor and comprehensive pollution indices

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202512003

1. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Science, Changsha 410004, China;
2. Hunan Geological Disaster Investigation and Monitoring Institute, Changsha 410000, China

Received Date: 2025-07-18
Accepted Date: 2025-08-25
Rev Recd Date: 2025-08-23

Available Online: 2026-01-09

Abstract

Abstract

To address the water environment issues in manganese mining areas， this study took a typical manganese mining area as the research object. By collecting four types of water samples including spring water， leachate water， stream water， and mine gushing water， and applying hydrochemical analysis， the single-factor pollution index method， and the mean-type comprehensive pollution index method， combined with spatial statistics and correlation analysis， the hydrochemical characteristics， pollution status， and spatial differentiation patterns of the mining area’s water environment were revealed. The research findings were as follows： 1） mine gushing water and stream water exhibited “three high” characteristics： high total dissolved solids （TDS）， high sulfate （SO^2-₄）， and high manganese （Mn ²⁺ ）， while spring water was less affected by mining activities； 2） water pollution in the mining area was generally severe， with 86.96% of mine gushing water samples and 66.10% of stream water samples classified as extremely heavily polluted. SO^2-₄ was identified as the primary pollutant， and Mn ²⁺ was the main heavy metal pollutant； 3） pollution showed significant spatial differentiation. The Shuitianxi River basin was dominated by point sources from mine gushing water， while the Mao’er River and Longmenxi River basins were driven by leaching from waste rock piles and groundwater connectivity， forming a ternary pollution model of “mine waste-runoff-groundwater connectivity”.
- manganese mining area,
- water environment,
- hydrochemical characteristics,
- water pollution assessment,
- spatial differentiation mechanism

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References(16)

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