Bioaccessibility and risk evaluation of heavy metals in dust from different workshops of an electronic waste treatment enterprise

HUANG Kai

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202601021

Volume 44 Issue 1

Jan. 2026

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING > 2026 > 44(1): 197-205

HUANG Kai. Bioaccessibility and risk evaluation of heavy metals in dust from different workshops of an electronic waste treatment enterprise[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2026, 44(1): 197-205. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202601021

Citation:

HUANG Kai. Bioaccessibility and risk evaluation of heavy metals in dust from different workshops of an electronic waste treatment enterprise[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2026, 44(1): 197-205. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202601021

Citation:

PDF( 964 KB)

Bioaccessibility and risk evaluation of heavy metals in dust from different workshops of an electronic waste treatment enterprise

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202601021

HUANG Kai

1. Shanghai Xin Jinqiao Environmental Protection Company, Shanghai 201201, China

Received Date: 2024-05-06
Available Online: 2026-02-26
Publish Date: 2026-01-22

Abstract

Abstract

To understand the contamination of heavy metals in the recycling process of e-waste and the health risks， dust samples from different workshops of a qualified e-waste treatment enterprise in Shanghai were collected， the content of Pb， Sb and Cd was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）， and human gastrointestinal evaluation of bioaccessibility was simulated by physiological extraction experiments （PBET method）， and the health risks of heavy metals were evaluated. It was found that Pb content was highest in the dismantling workshop （654 mg/kg）， and Sd and Cd content were higher in the plastic crushing workshop （118 mg/kg and 4.09 mg/kg）， respectively. Morphological results showed that Cd was mainly in the carbonate-bound state， Pb in the Fe-Mn oxidation state， and Sb in the residue state. The terpolymer phase diagram and morphological bioaccessibility indicated that Pb and Cd were active and potentially risky， and Sb was stable. The bioaccessibility of gastrointestinal fluid showed that Pb and Cd were higher in the gastric phase than in the intestinal phase. At the same time， Sd was more available in the intestinal phase than in the gastric phase. Correlation analysis revealed that the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in gastrointestinal fluid was associated with their metal morphology. The results of risk assessment showed that dust mainly entered the human body through oral ingestion. Pb was the main metal causing non-carcinogenicity of dust in the dismantling workshop， Sb was the main metal causing non-carcinogenicity of dust in the crushing workshop and plastic crushing dust， and the carcinogenicity of Cd was within the acceptable range for all three kinds of dust. Further research should pay attention to the health risks of other heavy metals in dust.
- electronic waste,
- dust,
- heavy metals,
- occurrence form,
- gastrointestinal fluid,
- health risk

FullText(HTML)

References(36)

References

[1]	FORTI V，BALDÉ C P，KUEHR R，et al. The global e-waste monitor 2020：quantities，flows and the circular economy potential[EB/OL]. https：//ewastemonitor.info/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/GEM_2020_def_july1_low.pdf.
[2]	WEI D，YUAN K，AI F，et al. Occurrence，spatial distributions，and temporal trends of bisphenol analogues in an e-waste dismantling area：Implications for risk assessment[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2023，867：161498.
[3]	HANG J G，DONG J J，FENG H，et al. Evaluating postnatal exposure to six heavy metals in a Chinese e-waste recycling area[J]. Chemosphere，2022，308：136444.
[4]	JULANDER A，LUNDGREN L，SKARE L，et al. Formal recycling of e-waste leads to increased exposure to toxic metals：an occupational exposure study from Sweden[J]. Environment International，2014，73：243-251.
[5]	WU Y Y，LI Y Y，KANG D，et al. Tetrabromobisphenol A and heavy metal exposure via dust ingestion in an e-waste recycling region in Southeast China[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2016，541：356-364.
[6]	BRINDHADEVI K，BARCELO D，LAN CHI N T，et al. E-waste management，treatment options and the impact of heavy metal extraction from e-waste on human health：scenario in Vietnam and other countries[J]. Environmental Research，2022，217：114926.
[7]	LEUNG A O W，DUZGOREN-AYDIN N S，CHEUNG K C，et al. Heavy metals concentrations of surface dust from e-waste recycling and its human health implications in southeast China[J]. Environmental Science& Technology，2008，42（7）：2674-2680.
[8]	TANG X Y，ZHU Y G. Advances in in vitro tests in evaluating bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soil via oral intake[J]. Journal of Environment and Health，2004（3）：183-185. 唐翔宇，朱永官. 土壤中重金属对人体生物有效性的体外试验评估[J]. 环境与健康杂志，2004（3）：183-185.
[9]	RUBY M V，DAVIS A，SCHOOF R，et al. Estimation of lead and arsenic bioavailability using a physiologically based extraction test[J]. Environmental Science& Technology，1996，30（2）：422-430.
[10]	YAN G，MAO L C，JIANG B Y，et al. The source apportionment，pollution characteristic，and mobility of Sb in roadside soils affected by traffic and industrial activities[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2020，384：121352.
[11]	TANG X Y，CUI Y S，DUAN J，et al. Pilot study of temporal variations in lead bioaccessibility and chemical fractionation in some Chinese soils[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2008，160（1）：29-36.
[12]	YIN N Y，ZHAO Y L，WANG P F，et al. Effect of gut microbiota on in vitro bioaccessibility of heavy metals and human health risk assessment from ingestion of contaminated soils[J]. Environmental Pollution，2021，279：116943.
[13]	WANG P，XUE J，ZHU Z. Comparison of heavy metal bioaccessibility between street dust and beach sediment：particle size effect and environmental magnetism response[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2021，777：146081.
[14]	ZHANG H. Research on chemical species of atmospheric particulate heavy metals in Huangshi City in winter and spring[J]. Environmental Pollution& Control，2015，37（4）：71-77，83. 张禾. 黄石市冬/春季大气PM₁₀中重金属形态特征研究[J]. 环境污染与防治，2015，37（4）：71-77，83.
[15]	ADRIANO D C. Trace elements in terrestrial environments：biogeochemistry，bioavailability，and risks of metals[M]. 2nd Ed. New York：Springer，2001：1-30.
[16]	FENG Q D，LIU Y，DANG Z，et al. Evaluation of bioavailability of heavy metals in atmospheric particulates using chemical extraction methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering，2008，2（2）：243-248. 冯茜丹，刘艳，党志，等. 应用化学提取法评价大气颗粒物中重金属的生物有效性[J]. 环境工程学报，2008，2（2）：243-248.
[17]	USEPA. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund：pt. A. Human health evaluation manual[M]. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response，US Environmental Protection Agency，1989.
[18]	USEPA. Risk assessment guidance for superfund（RAGS）volume III-part A：process for conducting probabilistic risk assessment[M]. Appendix B. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response，US Environmental Protection Agency，2001：1-385.
[19]	生态环境部. 建设用地土壤污染风险评估技术导则：HJ 25.3—2019[S]. 北京：中国环境出版集团有限公司，2019 Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Technical guidelines for risk assessment of soil contamination of land for construction HJ 25.3—2019[Z]. Beijing：China Environmental Publishing Group Co.，Ltd，2019.
[20]	WAN Q，ZHAO J，WEI X，et al. Pollution characteristics of heavy metals in dust from e-waste dismantling workshop and health risk assessment of occupational population[J]. Environmental Chemistry，2022，41（3）：883-892. 万千，赵静，韦旭，等. 电子废弃物拆解车间灰尘中重金属污染特征及职业人群健康风险评价[J]. 环境化学，2022，41（3）：883-892.
[21]	XU F，LIU Y C，WANG J X，et al. Characterization of heavy metals and brominated flame retardants in the indoor and outdoor dust of e-waste workshops：Implication for on-site human exposure[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research，2015，22（7）：5469-5480.
[22]	WU J，YUE C S，LU G H，et al. Conformation of heavy metal spatial distribution of an in-production enterprise in Hunan based on Voxler simulation[J]. Environmental Engineering，2024，42（6）：178-186. 吴洁，岳昌盛，卢光华，等. 基于Voxler模拟的湖南某在产企业场地重金属污染范围的确定[J]. 环境工程，2024，42（6）：178-186.
[23]	WANG S T，WU X Y，WANG W，et al. Soil pollution risk assessment of blast furnace lead smelting slag cleaning site before and after safe utilization[J]. Environmental Engineering，2023，41（S2）：734-737. 王舒婷，吴学勇，王薇，等. 鼓风炉铅冶炼渣清理场地安全利用前后土壤污染风险评价研究[J]. 环境工程，2023，41（增刊2）：734-737.
[24]	GOPE M，MASTO R E，GEORGE J，et al. Bioavailability and health risk of some potentially toxic elements（Cd，Cu，Pb and Zn）in street dust of Asansol，India[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety，2017，138：231-241.
[25]	ZHENG N，HOU S，WANG S，et al. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dust around a zinc smelting plant in China based on bioavailability and bioaccessibility[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety，2020，197：110617.
[26]	FUJIMORI T，TANIGUCHI M，AGUSA T，et al. Effect of lead speciation on its oral bioaccessibility in surface dust and soil of electronic-wastes recycling sites[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials，2018，341：365-372.
[27]	LI H B，CUI X Y，LI K，et al. Assessment of in vitro lead bioaccessibility in house dust and its relationship to in vivo lead relative bioavailability[J]. Environmental Science& Technology，2014，48（15）：8548-8555.
[28]	CAO P Q，FUJIMORI T，JUHASZ A，et al. Bioaccessibility and human health risk assessment of metal（loid）s in soil from an e-waste open burning site in Agbogbloshie，Accra，Ghana[J]. Chemosphere，2020，240：124909.
[29]	LI J，WEI Y，ZHAO L，et al. Bioaccessibility of antimony and arsenic in highly polluted soils of the mine area and health risk assessment associated with oral ingestion exposure[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety，2014，110：308-315.
[30]	SCHEFFLER G L，SADIQ N W，POZEBON D，et al. Risk assessment of trace elements in airborne particulate matter deposited on air filters using solid sampling ETV-ICPOES to measure total concentrations and leaching with simulated saliva，gastric juice and lung fluid to estimate bio-accessibility[J]. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry，2018，33（9）：1486-1492.
[31]	LI G Y，CUI X T. Characteristics of heavy metals elements pollution and health risk assessment of atmospheric dust-fall in Tangshan[J]. Environmental Engineering，2023，41（12）：278-287. 李甘雨，崔邢涛. 唐山市大气降尘重金属污染特征与健康风险评价[J]. 环境工程，2023，41（12）：278-287.
[32]	YAO M，WU J F，LENG X Z，et al. Characteristics and risk assessment of pollutants in electronic waste dismantling enterprises[J]. Environmental Engineering，2018，36（11）：127-132. 姚敏，吴俊锋，冷湘梓，等. 电子废物拆解企业污染物排放的污染特征及风险评估[J]. 环境工程，2018，36（11）：127-132.
[33]	ALBAR H，ALI N，EQANI S，et al. Trace metals in different socioeconomic indoor residential settings，implications for human health via dust exposure[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety，2020，189：109927.
[34]	WANG Y X，CAO H Y，DENG Y J，et al. Distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter and dust[J]. Environmental Science，2017，38（9）：3575-3584. 王永晓，曹红英，邓雅佳，等. 大气颗粒物及降尘中重金属的分布特征与人体健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学，2017，38（9）：3575-3584.
[35]	FANG W X，YANG Y C，XU Z M. PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 and health risk assessment for heavy metals in a typical factory for cathode ray tube television recycling[J]. Environmental Science& Technology，2013，47（21）：12469-12476.
[36]	HUANG J L，LIU H R，YAN H H，et al. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals and chlorises in solid waste incineration residues[J]. Environmental Engineering，2024，42（8）：134-141. 黄俊霖，刘煌睿，闫海虎，等. 固废焚烧残余物重金属和氯盐污染特征与风险评估[J]. 环境工程，2024，42（8）：134-141.