Source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Hongjiannao Lake based on APCS-MLR model

ZHANG Yaning; PENG Yan; WU Xijun; DONG Ying; HE Xinlin; LIU Jing; LI Bingbing

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202608025

Volume 44 Issue 8

Aug. 2026

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ZHANG Yaning, PENG Yan, WU Xijun, DONG Ying, HE Xinlin, LIU Jing, LI Bingbing. Source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Hongjiannao Lake based on APCS-MLR model[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2026, 44(8): 258-270. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202608025

Citation:

ZHANG Yaning, PENG Yan, WU Xijun, DONG Ying, HE Xinlin, LIU Jing, LI Bingbing. Source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Hongjiannao Lake based on APCS-MLR model[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2026, 44(8): 258-270. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202608025

Citation:

ZHANG Yaning, PENG Yan, WU Xijun, DONG Ying, HE Xinlin, LIU Jing, LI Bingbing. Source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Hongjiannao Lake based on APCS-MLR model[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2026, 44(8): 258-270. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202608025

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Source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Hongjiannao Lake based on APCS-MLR model

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202608025

1. Institute of Architectural Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China;
2. College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China

Received Date: 2025-10-30

Abstract

Abstract

To evaluate the characteristics of heavy metal contamination in desert lakes and the associated health risks， this study took Hongjiannao Lake in Northern Shaanxi as the research object and analyzed the concentrations of seven heavy metals （Hg， Pb， Cu， Zn， Cd， Cr， and As） in the water body from 2013 to 2024. The absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression （APCS-MLR） model was employed for quantitative source apportionment to identify contamination sources and their contribution rates. Combined with a health risk assessment model， the levels of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to humans were revealed. The results indicated that the average concentrations of the seven heavy metals in Hongjiannao Lake did not exceed the background values， although 28.57% of the sampling points showed As concentrations exceeding the background value， with a maximum exceedance factor of 1.92. The average total concentration of the seven heavy metals decreased from 112.51 μg/L in 2013， to 2016 to 58.80 μg/L in 2017 to 2024， primarily due to the local government's policy of closing small coal mines in 2016 and the ecological restoration project in the coal mining area around the Hongjiannao Lake 4A-level tourist attraction. The water body in the study area was influenced by industrial， traffic， agricultural， and natural sources， with contribution rates of 35.44%， 16.23%， 24.67%， and 23.65%， respectively， indicating that industrial sources were the primary contributors to heavy metal contamination， followed by agricultural sources. The health risk assessment results showed that non-carcinogenic health risks were negligible， while carcinogenic risks exceeded the alert value （1.00E-4）， with higher risks for adults than for children. Oral ingestion was the primary exposure pathway， with As and Cd being the key control elements， showing exceedance rates of 100% and 16.67%， respectively. These findings provide a theoretical basis for health risk prevention and control for surrounding residents and for environmental quality management in the lake area.

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References(67)

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