The revised EU industrial and livestock rearing emissions directive and its implications for China

The revised Industrial and Livestock Rearing Emissions Directive （IED 2.0） is not only the European Union's primary legislation regulating pollutant emissions from industrial facilities and livestock farming， but also a key policy for promoting the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions. Based on the EU's revision and release of IED 2.0， this study reviews the background and main amendments of the directive， summarizes its requirements and features regarding the synergistic control of pollution and carbon reduction， and analyzes its implications for China in light of its actual conditions. IED 2.0 emphasizes achieving high-quality protection of the “overall environment” with many provisions aimed at promoting the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions. Key features include： 1）Using assessment results as an important basis for the revision of IED 2.0； 2）Integrating pollutant reduction and decarbonization into emission reduction targets； 3）Utilizing permits and environmental management systems as key tools； 4）Ensuring the maximization of benefits from selected and implemented emission reduction technologies； 5）Emphasizing the enhancement of synergies between environmental and climate policies； 6）Focusing on the multiple benefits of reducing non-CO₂ greenhouse gas emissions； 7）Promoting corporate emission reduction and industrial transformation through technological innovation. Implications for China include： 1）Promote the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in key sectors through legal and regulatory frameworks； 2）Strengthen the evaluation of the effectiveness of policies and actions related to synergistic pollution and carbon reduction； 3）Incorporate greenhouse gas emission reduction requirements into the management of stationary source emission permits； 4）Develop best available technology guidelines for synergistic pollution and carbon reduction in key industries； 5）Require energy-intensive industries to establish management systems for synergistic pollution and carbon reduction； 6）Emphasize the synergistic reduction of non-CO₂ greenhouse gases （such as methane） and pollutants； 7）Encourage stakeholders to participate in decision-making for synergistic pollution and carbon reduction.