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2015 Vol. 33, No. 5
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2015, 33(5): 1-4.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505001
Abstract:
Because of its superior reducing ability，nanoscale zero valent iron is widely used in environmental pollution control and repairation． Two composite materials were successfully prepared through the nanoscale zero valent iron ( nZVI) particles loaded onto macroporous anion and cation exchange resins． The paper investigated the performance of the two composites and their supports for removal of Pb ( II) from water solution，and also discussed the effect of two different structure of supports on the performance． The results indicated that D001-Fe0 obtained the highest removal efficiency and the fastest removal rate， whose support was a macroporous cation exchange resin，due to its function including ion exchange and chemical reduction．
Because of its superior reducing ability，nanoscale zero valent iron is widely used in environmental pollution control and repairation． Two composite materials were successfully prepared through the nanoscale zero valent iron ( nZVI) particles loaded onto macroporous anion and cation exchange resins． The paper investigated the performance of the two composites and their supports for removal of Pb ( II) from water solution，and also discussed the effect of two different structure of supports on the performance． The results indicated that D001-Fe0 obtained the highest removal efficiency and the fastest removal rate， whose support was a macroporous cation exchange resin，due to its function including ion exchange and chemical reduction．
2015, 33(5): 5-9.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505002
Abstract:
Microorganism plays an important role on all bio-degradation processes of organic matters． The paper illustrated the microbial species related to the generation of short-chain fatty acids ( SCFAs) during the anaerobic digestion ( AD) process and the relationship among these different microbes systematically，and discussed the influences of impact factors，i． e． ， sludge substrate，temperature，pH，carbon to nitrogen ratio and sludge retention time，on the biodiversity of acid-producing microbes，predominant microbial species and the production of the microorganisms． Meanwhile，the studies on the evolution of the different strategies to enhance the microbial activities of SCFA generation were introduced． Finally，in order to select the dominant microbial species related to SCFA generation during the sludge anaerobic digestion process，different strategies to regulate the impact factors were also investigated．
Microorganism plays an important role on all bio-degradation processes of organic matters． The paper illustrated the microbial species related to the generation of short-chain fatty acids ( SCFAs) during the anaerobic digestion ( AD) process and the relationship among these different microbes systematically，and discussed the influences of impact factors，i． e． ， sludge substrate，temperature，pH，carbon to nitrogen ratio and sludge retention time，on the biodiversity of acid-producing microbes，predominant microbial species and the production of the microorganisms． Meanwhile，the studies on the evolution of the different strategies to enhance the microbial activities of SCFA generation were introduced． Finally，in order to select the dominant microbial species related to SCFA generation during the sludge anaerobic digestion process，different strategies to regulate the impact factors were also investigated．
2015, 33(5): 10-13.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505003
Abstract:
Using CO2 and CH4 respectively to generate hydrate based on a special designed apparatus，the paper discussed the formation of hydrate in two experiments． Each experiment collected hydrate crystals at three different reaction periods． The ion concentration of Na + ，Mg2 + ，K + ，Ca2 + ，B3 + in the hydrate was dectected． The result showed that: Ｒemoval efficiency of each dissolved mineral strongly depends on the ionic size and charge during the hydrate process of CH4 ，showing a linear correlation． By the use of CO2 as the hydrate forming gas，the carbonate ions caused the precipitation of calcium ions in the form of CaCO3 ． So the calcium ion ( Ca2 + ) did not show the linear correlation． The study illustrated a more comprehensive ion rejection mechanism of dissolved minerals by the process of gas hydrate． Compared with the traditional methods in reverse osmosis，hydrate method had good advantage of boron removal．
Using CO2 and CH4 respectively to generate hydrate based on a special designed apparatus，the paper discussed the formation of hydrate in two experiments． Each experiment collected hydrate crystals at three different reaction periods． The ion concentration of Na + ，Mg2 + ，K + ，Ca2 + ，B3 + in the hydrate was dectected． The result showed that: Ｒemoval efficiency of each dissolved mineral strongly depends on the ionic size and charge during the hydrate process of CH4 ，showing a linear correlation． By the use of CO2 as the hydrate forming gas，the carbonate ions caused the precipitation of calcium ions in the form of CaCO3 ． So the calcium ion ( Ca2 + ) did not show the linear correlation． The study illustrated a more comprehensive ion rejection mechanism of dissolved minerals by the process of gas hydrate． Compared with the traditional methods in reverse osmosis，hydrate method had good advantage of boron removal．
2015, 33(5): 14-17.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505004
Abstract:
In order to determine the suitable operating parameters of oxide /ceramic-ultrafiltration-membrane filtration technology of the treatment progress on the slaughter wastewater， the paper was about the influence of ClO2 dosage，backwash cycle and recoil time conditions on COD and turbidity． The experimental results showed that COD removal rate of oxidation unit was relatively high when ClO2 dosage was 140 mg /L，the COD and turbidity removal rate was over 93. 6%，95. 8% respectively and the permeation flux recovered better on the conditions of backwash cycle time of 50 min，backwashing time of 50 s． The quality of the produced water could meet the national discharge standard，and the total operation cost was low． This process had good prospects for industrial promotion．
In order to determine the suitable operating parameters of oxide /ceramic-ultrafiltration-membrane filtration technology of the treatment progress on the slaughter wastewater， the paper was about the influence of ClO2 dosage，backwash cycle and recoil time conditions on COD and turbidity． The experimental results showed that COD removal rate of oxidation unit was relatively high when ClO2 dosage was 140 mg /L，the COD and turbidity removal rate was over 93. 6%，95. 8% respectively and the permeation flux recovered better on the conditions of backwash cycle time of 50 min，backwashing time of 50 s． The quality of the produced water could meet the national discharge standard，and the total operation cost was low． This process had good prospects for industrial promotion．
2015, 33(5): 18-22.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505005
Abstract:
Based on a laboratory scale oxidation ditch process acclimated with domestic wastewater as carbon source，the effect of mixed liquor reflux ratio on denitrifying phosphorus removal in the system was investigated at the mixed liquor reflux ratio of 100%，200% and 300%，respectively． The results showed that mixed liquor reflux ratio did not affect removal effect of TP， but affected the removal mode of TP under the experimental conditions． When the mixed liquid return ratio was 200% and 300%，most of the TP was removed in anoxic zone through the denitrifying phosphorus removal mode，and the mixed liquid return ratio was 100%，most of the TP was removed in aerobic zone． In general，with mixed liquid return ratio increasing，the removal rate of NH + 4 －N and TN were also increased． While the mixed liquid return ratio was 200%，the system obtained the highest nutrient removal efficiency with the removal rate of TP and TN reaching to 93. 9% and 82. 6% respectively，and NO－ 3 －N was sufficient in the anoxic zone as electron acceptor for denitrifying phosphorus removal． Taking both energy consumption and denitrifying phosphorus removal into consideration，the optimized mixed liquor return ratio of the process was 200%．
Based on a laboratory scale oxidation ditch process acclimated with domestic wastewater as carbon source，the effect of mixed liquor reflux ratio on denitrifying phosphorus removal in the system was investigated at the mixed liquor reflux ratio of 100%，200% and 300%，respectively． The results showed that mixed liquor reflux ratio did not affect removal effect of TP， but affected the removal mode of TP under the experimental conditions． When the mixed liquid return ratio was 200% and 300%，most of the TP was removed in anoxic zone through the denitrifying phosphorus removal mode，and the mixed liquid return ratio was 100%，most of the TP was removed in aerobic zone． In general，with mixed liquid return ratio increasing，the removal rate of NH + 4 －N and TN were also increased． While the mixed liquid return ratio was 200%，the system obtained the highest nutrient removal efficiency with the removal rate of TP and TN reaching to 93. 9% and 82. 6% respectively，and NO－ 3 －N was sufficient in the anoxic zone as electron acceptor for denitrifying phosphorus removal． Taking both energy consumption and denitrifying phosphorus removal into consideration，the optimized mixed liquor return ratio of the process was 200%．
2015, 33(5): 23-27.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505006
Abstract:
The paper studied the effects of different temperatures ( 10，15，20，25，35 ℃) on physiological characteristics of Plagiognathops Microlepis Bleeker． The results showed that the rates of ingestion，digestion，respiration and suffocation point of Plagiognathops Microlepis Bleeker significantly increased with temperature ( P ＜ 0. 05) ． In addition，ammonia excretion rates in both fasting and over fed Plagiognathops Microlepis Bleeker increased with temperature and reached the peak at 25 ℃． At the same temperature，ammonia excretion rate of over fed Plagiognathops Microlepis Bleeker was greater than the rate of the fasting Plagiognathops Microlepis Bleeker ( P ＜ 0. 05) ．
The paper studied the effects of different temperatures ( 10，15，20，25，35 ℃) on physiological characteristics of Plagiognathops Microlepis Bleeker． The results showed that the rates of ingestion，digestion，respiration and suffocation point of Plagiognathops Microlepis Bleeker significantly increased with temperature ( P ＜ 0. 05) ． In addition，ammonia excretion rates in both fasting and over fed Plagiognathops Microlepis Bleeker increased with temperature and reached the peak at 25 ℃． At the same temperature，ammonia excretion rate of over fed Plagiognathops Microlepis Bleeker was greater than the rate of the fasting Plagiognathops Microlepis Bleeker ( P ＜ 0. 05) ．
2015, 33(5): 28-32.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505007
Abstract:
A pilot-scale anaerobic /anoxic /short time aerobic ( A2 /O) -biological aerated filter ( BAF) combined process was set up to treat municipal wastewater． And the object of this study was to investigate the change of the effluent during and after back-washing of the BAF． Back-washing of the BAFs was carried out every 5 ～ 7 days and the procedure included three steps: air flushing，air and water combined flushing，water flushing，with lasting time of 10min，3min and 3min，respectively． This operation mode reduced the time of back-washing，saved the volume of water used for back-washing，and the operation was simple． The concentrations of SS，COD，ammonia nitrogen and TP increased firstly and then decreased during backwashing， showing that the suspended solids and detached biofilm were washed from the filter layer． By back-washing 1 ～ 2 days later， the effluent quality of BAF resumed to normal level． The removal performance of A2 /O-BAF process could be kept stable using the present backwashing strategy．
A pilot-scale anaerobic /anoxic /short time aerobic ( A2 /O) -biological aerated filter ( BAF) combined process was set up to treat municipal wastewater． And the object of this study was to investigate the change of the effluent during and after back-washing of the BAF． Back-washing of the BAFs was carried out every 5 ～ 7 days and the procedure included three steps: air flushing，air and water combined flushing，water flushing，with lasting time of 10min，3min and 3min，respectively． This operation mode reduced the time of back-washing，saved the volume of water used for back-washing，and the operation was simple． The concentrations of SS，COD，ammonia nitrogen and TP increased firstly and then decreased during backwashing， showing that the suspended solids and detached biofilm were washed from the filter layer． By back-washing 1 ～ 2 days later， the effluent quality of BAF resumed to normal level． The removal performance of A2 /O-BAF process could be kept stable using the present backwashing strategy．
2015, 33(5): 33-36.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505008
Abstract:
Watershed water quality management mode，maximum daily load plan ( TMDL， total maximum daily load) was implemented based on the Savannah Ｒiver Watershed，as the research object． The brief analysis of the content of the plan， implementation and evaluation was discussed． Through the analysis of the basin mercury TMDL program making，the paper put forward some suggestions and methods of the rivers of mercury distribution in the watershed，provided the reference for the future of our country in terms of river watershed water environment management
Watershed water quality management mode，maximum daily load plan ( TMDL， total maximum daily load) was implemented based on the Savannah Ｒiver Watershed，as the research object． The brief analysis of the content of the plan， implementation and evaluation was discussed． Through the analysis of the basin mercury TMDL program making，the paper put forward some suggestions and methods of the rivers of mercury distribution in the watershed，provided the reference for the future of our country in terms of river watershed water environment management
2015, 33(5): 37-41.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505009
Abstract:
The scaling and corrosion is a common phenomenon in the circulating cooling water system． The method to solve the issue is to add the scaling and corrosion inhibitor． Ozone ( O3 ) processing method can achieve corrosion and scale inhibitor、 disinfection and other multi-function． The paper discussed ozone processing used in warm-water circulation system，and studied the scale and corrosion situation under different quantity of ozone to determine the optimal dosing quantity． The result showed that: When ozone optimum dosage was 4. 5 mg /L，20 carbon steel and cast iron had the best corrosion ability． The lowest corrosion rate of 20 carbon steel was 0. 228 mm/a，reducing 75% compared with the blank test; the cast iron was 0. 282 mm/a，reducing 61. 5% compared with the blank control group． When ozone dosing quantity was 9. 0 mg /L，the corrosion rate of galvanized was 0. 206 to 0. 275 mm/a，going down of 38. 2% compared with the blank control group． The corrosion effect was obvious．
The scaling and corrosion is a common phenomenon in the circulating cooling water system． The method to solve the issue is to add the scaling and corrosion inhibitor． Ozone ( O3 ) processing method can achieve corrosion and scale inhibitor、 disinfection and other multi-function． The paper discussed ozone processing used in warm-water circulation system，and studied the scale and corrosion situation under different quantity of ozone to determine the optimal dosing quantity． The result showed that: When ozone optimum dosage was 4. 5 mg /L，20 carbon steel and cast iron had the best corrosion ability． The lowest corrosion rate of 20 carbon steel was 0. 228 mm/a，reducing 75% compared with the blank test; the cast iron was 0. 282 mm/a，reducing 61. 5% compared with the blank control group． When ozone dosing quantity was 9. 0 mg /L，the corrosion rate of galvanized was 0. 206 to 0. 275 mm/a，going down of 38. 2% compared with the blank control group． The corrosion effect was obvious．
2015, 33(5): 42-47.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505010
Abstract:
The paper prepared activated carbon ( AC) with high specific surface and considerable mesopores from peanut shell by microwave irradiation，and studied effects of the type of activators，impregnation time，impregnation ratio，the concentration of activators，microwave power and irradiation time on the adsorption capacity of AC． The results showed that: Peanut shell-based AC with zinc chloride activation had higher adsorption capacity compared with phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide． Under the conditions of impregnation ratio of 80% zinc chloride and impregnation ratio of 1∶ 6，with microwave power of 500W for 6 min，the prepared carbons had the maximal adsorption rate，and the adsorption property on methylene blue and iodin of the peanut shellbased ACs were ( 898. 6 ±12. 8) mg/g and ( 46. 2 ± 3. 8) mg/g，respectively． The experiment also revealed that AC prepared by microwave irradiation had higher adsorption capacity on methylene blue and iodin compared with that by muffle furnace． Meanwhile， AC prepared from peanut shell had higher adsorption capacity on methylene blue and iodin compared with that by AC in sales．
The paper prepared activated carbon ( AC) with high specific surface and considerable mesopores from peanut shell by microwave irradiation，and studied effects of the type of activators，impregnation time，impregnation ratio，the concentration of activators，microwave power and irradiation time on the adsorption capacity of AC． The results showed that: Peanut shell-based AC with zinc chloride activation had higher adsorption capacity compared with phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide． Under the conditions of impregnation ratio of 80% zinc chloride and impregnation ratio of 1∶ 6，with microwave power of 500W for 6 min，the prepared carbons had the maximal adsorption rate，and the adsorption property on methylene blue and iodin of the peanut shellbased ACs were ( 898. 6 ±12. 8) mg/g and ( 46. 2 ± 3. 8) mg/g，respectively． The experiment also revealed that AC prepared by microwave irradiation had higher adsorption capacity on methylene blue and iodin compared with that by muffle furnace． Meanwhile， AC prepared from peanut shell had higher adsorption capacity on methylene blue and iodin compared with that by AC in sales．
2015, 33(5): 48-53.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505011
Abstract:
A high-efficient heterotrophic nitrifying bacterial strain named Ni3-1 was isolated from sewage ditches． Based on morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequence analysis，strain Ni3-1 was identified as Alcaligenes faecalis． NH + 4 － N removal characteristics of strain Ni3-1 was then analyzed． Ｒesults showed that heterotrophic nitrification by the strain Ni3-1 occurred mainly during its logarithmic growth phase． Carbon source had an obviously effect on NH+ 4 －N removal efficiency， and trisodium citrate and sodium succinate were the most appropriate ones． The strain exhibited appreciable heterotrophic nitrification activity when the NH+ 4 －N concentration was in the range of 10 ～ 1 000 mg /L． Strain Ni3-1 was active over a wide range of temperatures ( 25 ～ 35 ℃) ，pH values ( 6 ～ 9) and C/N ratios ( 10 ～ 25) ，and more than 95% of NH + 4 －N could be removed within 24 h under these conditions． Above all，this strain worked well when applied for pig wastewater treatment，and the NH + 4 －N removal ratio reached 93. 2% within 48 h． Neither of NO － 2 －N nor NO － 3 －N was detected in the treatment process． Heterotrophic nitrifier Alcaligenes faecalis Ni3-1 had high efficiency in NH+ 4 － N removal and had potential for treating wastewater with a high NH+ 4 －N load．
A high-efficient heterotrophic nitrifying bacterial strain named Ni3-1 was isolated from sewage ditches． Based on morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequence analysis，strain Ni3-1 was identified as Alcaligenes faecalis． NH + 4 － N removal characteristics of strain Ni3-1 was then analyzed． Ｒesults showed that heterotrophic nitrification by the strain Ni3-1 occurred mainly during its logarithmic growth phase． Carbon source had an obviously effect on NH+ 4 －N removal efficiency， and trisodium citrate and sodium succinate were the most appropriate ones． The strain exhibited appreciable heterotrophic nitrification activity when the NH+ 4 －N concentration was in the range of 10 ～ 1 000 mg /L． Strain Ni3-1 was active over a wide range of temperatures ( 25 ～ 35 ℃) ，pH values ( 6 ～ 9) and C/N ratios ( 10 ～ 25) ，and more than 95% of NH + 4 －N could be removed within 24 h under these conditions． Above all，this strain worked well when applied for pig wastewater treatment，and the NH + 4 －N removal ratio reached 93. 2% within 48 h． Neither of NO － 2 －N nor NO － 3 －N was detected in the treatment process． Heterotrophic nitrifier Alcaligenes faecalis Ni3-1 had high efficiency in NH+ 4 － N removal and had potential for treating wastewater with a high NH+ 4 －N load．
2015, 33(5): 54-58.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505012
Abstract:
For the problems of traditional rainwater pumping station，the paper introduced large diameter vacuum drainage technique in rainwater pumping station，unique advantages in application and the specific implementation methods． To study flow distribution and hydrodynamics of the drainage process，the numerical model of typical pipeline was established，using κ － ξ turbulence model and Vof method． Unsteady numerical simulation and the gas-liquid flow characteristics of the two-phase flow were analysised during water filling process in large diameter pipes． The results showed that: In large diameter drainage process，there was stratified flow，bubble flow and wave flow，and the temporary gas gathering phenomenon occured in the near elbow; liquid had a transient flow stagnation in the inclined pipe，and with the development of pressure，the liquid full pipe flow was eventually formed in the pipe．
For the problems of traditional rainwater pumping station，the paper introduced large diameter vacuum drainage technique in rainwater pumping station，unique advantages in application and the specific implementation methods． To study flow distribution and hydrodynamics of the drainage process，the numerical model of typical pipeline was established，using κ － ξ turbulence model and Vof method． Unsteady numerical simulation and the gas-liquid flow characteristics of the two-phase flow were analysised during water filling process in large diameter pipes． The results showed that: In large diameter drainage process，there was stratified flow，bubble flow and wave flow，and the temporary gas gathering phenomenon occured in the near elbow; liquid had a transient flow stagnation in the inclined pipe，and with the development of pressure，the liquid full pipe flow was eventually formed in the pipe．
2015, 33(5): 59-63.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505013
Abstract:
Through analyzing the kinds，concentrations and toxicity of heavy metals in wastewater，the paper selected Cu，Zn and Cr as objects，and investigated the impact of these three metals on activated sludge system，including microbial species， growth，substrate consumption and performance of wastewater treatment plant． The factors were analyzed that affecting heavy metal toxicity on activated sludge like the kind and concentration of metal，process types and domestication． Some feasible measures for treating heavy metal containing wastewater were summarized: Employing SBＲ process to resist shock load; making use of acclimated sludge; increasing the concentration of sludge． Finally，the study proposed several possible research directions in this field．
Through analyzing the kinds，concentrations and toxicity of heavy metals in wastewater，the paper selected Cu，Zn and Cr as objects，and investigated the impact of these three metals on activated sludge system，including microbial species， growth，substrate consumption and performance of wastewater treatment plant． The factors were analyzed that affecting heavy metal toxicity on activated sludge like the kind and concentration of metal，process types and domestication． Some feasible measures for treating heavy metal containing wastewater were summarized: Employing SBＲ process to resist shock load; making use of acclimated sludge; increasing the concentration of sludge． Finally，the study proposed several possible research directions in this field．
2015, 33(5): 64-69.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505014
Abstract:
Poplar leaf modified by oxalate as a novel biosorbent was investigated to remove Cr( VI) from aquatic solution in batch experiment． The results indicated that when the pH was 2. 0，adsorbate dosage was 0. 3 g，reaction time was 120 min， the remove rate of the concentration of 50 mg /L Cr( VI) wastewater was 99. 1%． The kinetic adsorption process of Cr( VI) ions on poplar leaf modified by oxalate was fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model，and the adsorption was mainly ion exchange adsorption． Langmuir equation could simulate the material process of isothermal adsorption of Cr ( VI) ． The fitting results indicated the adsorption of Cr ( VI ) ions was monolayer adsorption，and the maximum adsorption capacity was 40. 91 mg /g． The thermodynamics analysis showed that the adsorption process of Cr( VI) ions on poplar leaf modified by oxalate was spontaneous，endothermic physical adsorption．
Poplar leaf modified by oxalate as a novel biosorbent was investigated to remove Cr( VI) from aquatic solution in batch experiment． The results indicated that when the pH was 2. 0，adsorbate dosage was 0. 3 g，reaction time was 120 min， the remove rate of the concentration of 50 mg /L Cr( VI) wastewater was 99. 1%． The kinetic adsorption process of Cr( VI) ions on poplar leaf modified by oxalate was fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model，and the adsorption was mainly ion exchange adsorption． Langmuir equation could simulate the material process of isothermal adsorption of Cr ( VI) ． The fitting results indicated the adsorption of Cr ( VI ) ions was monolayer adsorption，and the maximum adsorption capacity was 40. 91 mg /g． The thermodynamics analysis showed that the adsorption process of Cr( VI) ions on poplar leaf modified by oxalate was spontaneous，endothermic physical adsorption．
2015, 33(5): 70-74.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505015
Abstract:
For studying solute migration law in layered soil under the unsaturated zone，this paper picked five kinds of soils from different particles ratio and then filled them into two group soil columns: From coarse to fine and the opposite，of which the hierarchical order was inverse． Via the laboratory experiment，the basic migration law of conservative Br － was uncovered under two types of layered soil． When the soil surface was polluted in the rainfall intensity of 15 mm/12 h，the Br － concentration of 1st and 2nd layers experienced three stages in the two sorts of soil structures: rising period rapidly，peak period and declining period． The soil concentration of 3rd，4th，and 5th layers had been through rising period and declining period stably． At the end of the test，Br － concentration was well-distributed in the columns from the coarse to fine，while it concentrated on the soil surface in the other one． Meanwhile，the time when the solute penetrated the entire soil column was about 96 h in advance composed of the structure from coarse to fine than the inverse． The structure from coarse to fine was better in the sewage entrapment performance and the solute delay to recharge the groundwater．
For studying solute migration law in layered soil under the unsaturated zone，this paper picked five kinds of soils from different particles ratio and then filled them into two group soil columns: From coarse to fine and the opposite，of which the hierarchical order was inverse． Via the laboratory experiment，the basic migration law of conservative Br － was uncovered under two types of layered soil． When the soil surface was polluted in the rainfall intensity of 15 mm/12 h，the Br － concentration of 1st and 2nd layers experienced three stages in the two sorts of soil structures: rising period rapidly，peak period and declining period． The soil concentration of 3rd，4th，and 5th layers had been through rising period and declining period stably． At the end of the test，Br － concentration was well-distributed in the columns from the coarse to fine，while it concentrated on the soil surface in the other one． Meanwhile，the time when the solute penetrated the entire soil column was about 96 h in advance composed of the structure from coarse to fine than the inverse． The structure from coarse to fine was better in the sewage entrapment performance and the solute delay to recharge the groundwater．
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEDIMENT NUTRIENT RELEASE AND ALGAE GROWTH IN THE SHALLOW AREA OF THE RESERVOIR
2015, 33(5): 75-80.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505016
Abstract:
Using the enclosure experiment，sediment nutrient release rule in shallow area of reservoir was studied under the simulated natural condition，the relationship between the sediment nutrient release and the algae growth was also analyzed． The results showed that sediment nutrients in shallow area of reservoir started to release on the tenth day and the release peak occurred on the seventeenth day． Meanwhile，the sediment nutrient release can accelerate algae growth． Original overlying water with lower concentration can accelerate the release of sediment nutrient and the outbreak of algae，comparing with higher concentration overlying water． Ｒaining could also accelerate the sediment nutrient release and the growth of algae，especially green algae． Before the algal bloom，pH and dissolved oxygen would raise and show the peak．
Using the enclosure experiment，sediment nutrient release rule in shallow area of reservoir was studied under the simulated natural condition，the relationship between the sediment nutrient release and the algae growth was also analyzed． The results showed that sediment nutrients in shallow area of reservoir started to release on the tenth day and the release peak occurred on the seventeenth day． Meanwhile，the sediment nutrient release can accelerate algae growth． Original overlying water with lower concentration can accelerate the release of sediment nutrient and the outbreak of algae，comparing with higher concentration overlying water． Ｒaining could also accelerate the sediment nutrient release and the growth of algae，especially green algae． Before the algal bloom，pH and dissolved oxygen would raise and show the peak．
2015, 33(5): 81-84.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505017
Abstract:
The heat transfer characteristics of nitrogen in coal determine the generation of NOx and its final emission amount in combustion process，which has great significance in controlling and governing the NOx pollution during combustion process． In this paper，the heat transfer process was divided into two different heat migration paths，volatile nitrogen and coke nitrogen． It was also summarized the heat transfer characteristics and related factors of volatile nitrogen and coke nitrogen in the combustion process． At the end，a breakthrough of the “quantitative analytical thermal migration process of nitrogen in coal”was achieved，which is an international academic puzzle．
The heat transfer characteristics of nitrogen in coal determine the generation of NOx and its final emission amount in combustion process，which has great significance in controlling and governing the NOx pollution during combustion process． In this paper，the heat transfer process was divided into two different heat migration paths，volatile nitrogen and coke nitrogen． It was also summarized the heat transfer characteristics and related factors of volatile nitrogen and coke nitrogen in the combustion process． At the end，a breakthrough of the “quantitative analytical thermal migration process of nitrogen in coal”was achieved，which is an international academic puzzle．
2015, 33(5): 85-89.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505018
Abstract:
With the deepening of the national energy conservation and emissions reduction work，it is necessary for the coalfired power plants to have several retrofits to meet the standard． As a result，the flue gas system resistance increases，and the original induced draft fan units need to be modified． The study of the modification strategy for the induced draft fan showed that the scheme of combining of the original induced draft fans with the booster fans was the better one，and the selection of the fans should be based on the consideration of the plant site，the project schedule，the economical efficiency of investment and operation．
With the deepening of the national energy conservation and emissions reduction work，it is necessary for the coalfired power plants to have several retrofits to meet the standard． As a result，the flue gas system resistance increases，and the original induced draft fan units need to be modified． The study of the modification strategy for the induced draft fan showed that the scheme of combining of the original induced draft fans with the booster fans was the better one，and the selection of the fans should be based on the consideration of the plant site，the project schedule，the economical efficiency of investment and operation．
2015, 33(5): 90-94.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505019
Abstract:
The pollutant emission characteristics and driving characteristics of vehicles in city of Urumqi，the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Ｒegion were analyzed by the data got on the selected 125 roads in the city． And then COPEＲT model was used to calculate the emission factor of CO，NMVOC，NOx and PM; the emission of CO，NMVOC，NOx and PM were 94 087，17 886，25 079 and 1 489 t in 2012，respectively． Passenger cars were the major exhausting parts of CO and NMVOC． Heavy truck contributes most to NOx emissions，and heavy truck，light truck and passenger car were also the PM main contributors． The NOx and PM contribution proportion of diesel vehicle were greatly larger than its quantities proportion， while the CO and NMVOC emission contribution proportion was less than its quantities proportion． The pre—EuroⅠand Euro Ⅰvehicles significantly contributed to total CO，NMVOC，NOx and PM emission，with the contribution proportion 50. 5%， 41. 0%，51. 5% and 55. 0% respectively，while its quantities were about 22. 3% of the total． In contrast，the CO，NMVOC， NOx and PM emissions of Euro Ⅲ and EuroⅣvehicles were 35. 2%、42. 7%、35. 6% and 33. 9% respectively． So measures of controlling vehicle pollutants should focus on the pre-EuroⅠand EuroⅠ．
The pollutant emission characteristics and driving characteristics of vehicles in city of Urumqi，the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Ｒegion were analyzed by the data got on the selected 125 roads in the city． And then COPEＲT model was used to calculate the emission factor of CO，NMVOC，NOx and PM; the emission of CO，NMVOC，NOx and PM were 94 087，17 886，25 079 and 1 489 t in 2012，respectively． Passenger cars were the major exhausting parts of CO and NMVOC． Heavy truck contributes most to NOx emissions，and heavy truck，light truck and passenger car were also the PM main contributors． The NOx and PM contribution proportion of diesel vehicle were greatly larger than its quantities proportion， while the CO and NMVOC emission contribution proportion was less than its quantities proportion． The pre—EuroⅠand Euro Ⅰvehicles significantly contributed to total CO，NMVOC，NOx and PM emission，with the contribution proportion 50. 5%， 41. 0%，51. 5% and 55. 0% respectively，while its quantities were about 22. 3% of the total． In contrast，the CO，NMVOC， NOx and PM emissions of Euro Ⅲ and EuroⅣvehicles were 35. 2%、42. 7%、35. 6% and 33. 9% respectively． So measures of controlling vehicle pollutants should focus on the pre-EuroⅠand EuroⅠ．
2015, 33(5): 95-99.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505020
Abstract:
An on-line monitoring of OC，EC in PM2. 5 was done by OC/EC online analyzer from 1st to 30th September，2012 in Xi'an． O3 and UV were also monitored and analyzed． The results showed that the daily average concentration of PM2. 5 ， OC，EC，O3 was 85. 22，19. 50，7. 18 and 56. 69 μg /m3 ，respectively． The daily change rules of PM2. 5 ，OC and EC were present“bimodal”distribution，and the daily changes of OC and EC were both smaller than PM2. 5 ． Furthermore，OC had a larger fluctuation range than EC，while the relative correlation of them was high ( Ｒ2 = 0. 72899 ) ． TCA was the main component of PM2. 5 and could occupy 47. 85% ． The majority composition of TCA was OM，and the concentrations of SOC in the OM could be up to 54. 76% ． SOC and O3 showed a high correlation，which indicated that the organic photochemical reactions were relatively heavy during the study period in Xi' an． The proportions of SOC in PM2. 5 were highest during 10: 00am to 7: 00pm in a day，and did a increasing trend，The changes of TCA in the PM2. 5 were present“W shape” bimodal distribution．
An on-line monitoring of OC，EC in PM2. 5 was done by OC/EC online analyzer from 1st to 30th September，2012 in Xi'an． O3 and UV were also monitored and analyzed． The results showed that the daily average concentration of PM2. 5 ， OC，EC，O3 was 85. 22，19. 50，7. 18 and 56. 69 μg /m3 ，respectively． The daily change rules of PM2. 5 ，OC and EC were present“bimodal”distribution，and the daily changes of OC and EC were both smaller than PM2. 5 ． Furthermore，OC had a larger fluctuation range than EC，while the relative correlation of them was high ( Ｒ2 = 0. 72899 ) ． TCA was the main component of PM2. 5 and could occupy 47. 85% ． The majority composition of TCA was OM，and the concentrations of SOC in the OM could be up to 54. 76% ． SOC and O3 showed a high correlation，which indicated that the organic photochemical reactions were relatively heavy during the study period in Xi' an． The proportions of SOC in PM2. 5 were highest during 10: 00am to 7: 00pm in a day，and did a increasing trend，The changes of TCA in the PM2. 5 were present“W shape” bimodal distribution．
2015, 33(5): 100-103.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505021
Abstract:
Through the literature research，some main problems of selecting dedusting technical paths in China’s coal-fired power plants were analyzed in this paper． The results show that ESP technology has poor adaptability to the coals in China from the sulfur content of coal，dust specific resistivity and dust particle size distribution． In addition，through the research results of the predecessors’comparison of mercury removal and protection of wet desulphurization equipment，it has been found that bag filter has better efficiency of mercury removal; due to the higher dust removal efficiency，the wet desulphurization equipment would operate safely and reliably for a long time．
Through the literature research，some main problems of selecting dedusting technical paths in China’s coal-fired power plants were analyzed in this paper． The results show that ESP technology has poor adaptability to the coals in China from the sulfur content of coal，dust specific resistivity and dust particle size distribution． In addition，through the research results of the predecessors’comparison of mercury removal and protection of wet desulphurization equipment，it has been found that bag filter has better efficiency of mercury removal; due to the higher dust removal efficiency，the wet desulphurization equipment would operate safely and reliably for a long time．
2015, 33(5): 104-108.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505022
Abstract:
Air pollution problems have been prominent in recent years in Henan Province，haze weather occurs frequently， which has produced an effect on daily lives of people． This paper researched Henan environment air quality situation in 2012 and the variation tendency from 2003 to 2012，energy consumption structure situation in 2012 and the variation tendency from 2005 to 2012，also analysed the impact of Henan energy consumption structure on environment air quality． According to the problems between environment air quality and energy consumption structure，some measures were proposed for promoting industrial structural adjustment，accelerating energy structure adjustment，implementing synergic control of air pollution， regulating entry criteria of energy-saving strictly．
Air pollution problems have been prominent in recent years in Henan Province，haze weather occurs frequently， which has produced an effect on daily lives of people． This paper researched Henan environment air quality situation in 2012 and the variation tendency from 2003 to 2012，energy consumption structure situation in 2012 and the variation tendency from 2005 to 2012，also analysed the impact of Henan energy consumption structure on environment air quality． According to the problems between environment air quality and energy consumption structure，some measures were proposed for promoting industrial structural adjustment，accelerating energy structure adjustment，implementing synergic control of air pollution， regulating entry criteria of energy-saving strictly．
2015, 33(5): 109-113.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505023
Abstract:
With the implementation of the new air quality standards，measurements of PM2. 5 have been carried out in 74 cities since 2013． In this paper，the spatial distribution of atmospheric PM2. 5 in typical cities of different regions was analyzed． The relative standard deviation ( ＲSD) of PM2. 5 daily average concentration in these cities ranged from 13% to 26%，with average ＲSD of 18%; the spatial distribution of PM2. 5 in southern cities was more uniform than in northern cities; specifically，the spatial distribution of PM2. 5 in northern cities in winter and spring was less uniform than in summer and autumn，while in southern cities the spatial distribution was the least uniform in summer among all seasons; In terms of uniformity，the spatial distribution of PM2. 5 is similar to that of PM10 ，but better than gaseous pollutants． The comprehensive analysis shows that the representative of the PM2. 5 monitoring points in the current national monitoring network in China can meet the requirement of air quality monitoring and assessment in urban areas
With the implementation of the new air quality standards，measurements of PM2. 5 have been carried out in 74 cities since 2013． In this paper，the spatial distribution of atmospheric PM2. 5 in typical cities of different regions was analyzed． The relative standard deviation ( ＲSD) of PM2. 5 daily average concentration in these cities ranged from 13% to 26%，with average ＲSD of 18%; the spatial distribution of PM2. 5 in southern cities was more uniform than in northern cities; specifically，the spatial distribution of PM2. 5 in northern cities in winter and spring was less uniform than in summer and autumn，while in southern cities the spatial distribution was the least uniform in summer among all seasons; In terms of uniformity，the spatial distribution of PM2. 5 is similar to that of PM10 ，but better than gaseous pollutants． The comprehensive analysis shows that the representative of the PM2. 5 monitoring points in the current national monitoring network in China can meet the requirement of air quality monitoring and assessment in urban areas
2015, 33(5): 114-117.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505024
Abstract:
The study of diesel particulate matter is the precondition for controlling the diesel particulate emission，and also the need to meet the future emissions regulations． Particulate formation mechanism，harm and the testing method were introduced in this paper． The current research status of the composition and size distribution of diesel particulate matter was analyzed， which could provide a certain guidance to the study on diesel particulate control and purification technology．
The study of diesel particulate matter is the precondition for controlling the diesel particulate emission，and also the need to meet the future emissions regulations． Particulate formation mechanism，harm and the testing method were introduced in this paper． The current research status of the composition and size distribution of diesel particulate matter was analyzed， which could provide a certain guidance to the study on diesel particulate control and purification technology．
2015, 33(5): 118-121.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505025
Abstract:
Lipid in solid-phase of kitchen garbage is easy to corrupt． If improperly collected and utilized，it will pose threat to humans’health and the environment，and be adverse to the subsequent recycling; But it is also a kind of recycling resource if properly used． The impact of time and temperature of microwave and heating method on extraction rate of lipid in solid-phase of kitchen garbage was examined，and the properties of lipid before and after microwave actions were analyzed by FT-IＲ spectrum and GC-MS respectively． The results showed that the trend of extraction rate of lipid in solid-phase was firstly increasing then smoothing with reaction time，and the appropriate extraction conditions were 120 ℃ and 40 min，with an extraction rate of 72. 1%; The extraction rate by microwave was 3. 1% higher than traditional heating method; Composition of lipid in solid-phase did not change significantly，but the content of free fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides changed after microwave irradiation．
Lipid in solid-phase of kitchen garbage is easy to corrupt． If improperly collected and utilized，it will pose threat to humans’health and the environment，and be adverse to the subsequent recycling; But it is also a kind of recycling resource if properly used． The impact of time and temperature of microwave and heating method on extraction rate of lipid in solid-phase of kitchen garbage was examined，and the properties of lipid before and after microwave actions were analyzed by FT-IＲ spectrum and GC-MS respectively． The results showed that the trend of extraction rate of lipid in solid-phase was firstly increasing then smoothing with reaction time，and the appropriate extraction conditions were 120 ℃ and 40 min，with an extraction rate of 72. 1%; The extraction rate by microwave was 3. 1% higher than traditional heating method; Composition of lipid in solid-phase did not change significantly，but the content of free fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides changed after microwave irradiation．
2015, 33(5): 122-125.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505026
Abstract:
To improve the stability of nano-Fe0 in the air，embedded nanoscale Fe0 was synthesized using a cross-linked polymer ( β-cyclodextrin and epichlorohydrin) ． Effect of alkalinity，cross-linker dosage on cross-linking degree was evaluated． The encapsulated Fe0 nanoparticles obtained in 40% NaOH medium was compared to that synthesized in 30% NaOH by Cd2 + removal efficiency． The embedded material was characterized with scanning electron microscope ( SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA) ． Higher reactivity was observed with the embedded nano-Fe0 synthesized in 40% NaOH medium． A Cd2 + removal rate of 98. 8% ( 100 mg /L) was achieved with 3. 0 g of the encapsulated nano-Fe0 after reacting for 150 min． And the as-prepared nano-Fe0 can still remove 90. 5% of the Cd2 + after being exposed to air for oven 1 month，indicating its excellent ambient air stability．
To improve the stability of nano-Fe0 in the air，embedded nanoscale Fe0 was synthesized using a cross-linked polymer ( β-cyclodextrin and epichlorohydrin) ． Effect of alkalinity，cross-linker dosage on cross-linking degree was evaluated． The encapsulated Fe0 nanoparticles obtained in 40% NaOH medium was compared to that synthesized in 30% NaOH by Cd2 + removal efficiency． The embedded material was characterized with scanning electron microscope ( SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA) ． Higher reactivity was observed with the embedded nano-Fe0 synthesized in 40% NaOH medium． A Cd2 + removal rate of 98. 8% ( 100 mg /L) was achieved with 3. 0 g of the encapsulated nano-Fe0 after reacting for 150 min． And the as-prepared nano-Fe0 can still remove 90. 5% of the Cd2 + after being exposed to air for oven 1 month，indicating its excellent ambient air stability．
2015, 33(5): 126-130.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505027
Abstract:
Aerobic bioreactor is an in-situ technology for municipal solid waste ( MSW) treatment． The paper presents the determination of major parameters for MSW disposal by aerobic bioreactor through on-site tests including effective radius and system vacuum． The results show that the effective radius is between 20 ～ 25 m，the vacuum of the system is about 20 kPa， which provide assistant to the similar projects．
Aerobic bioreactor is an in-situ technology for municipal solid waste ( MSW) treatment． The paper presents the determination of major parameters for MSW disposal by aerobic bioreactor through on-site tests including effective radius and system vacuum． The results show that the effective radius is between 20 ～ 25 m，the vacuum of the system is about 20 kPa， which provide assistant to the similar projects．
2015, 33(5): 131-135.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505028
Abstract:
The content and leaching characteristics with different leaching conditions of heavy metals in titanium gypsum were studied． The results indicated that the content of main trace elements of titanium gypsum such as Mn，Hg，Zn，Cr，As，were relatively high，showing the potential risk to the surrounding environment． The leaching under different extracting agents showed that the highest leaching concentration of heavy metals occurred in the seawater with the exception of Zn，and then H2 SO4 /HNO3 and deionized water，even the seawater concentration of Hg exceded standard limit． In the test of continuous static leaching，the leaching concentration of heavy metals continued to decrease both in saline and acid mixture，whereas the leaching amount in seawater was always higher，meaning that the promotion of salinity on heavy metals leaching could continue with time and a strong acid buffer capacity of titanium gypsum was observed． Simultaneously，with the continuous leaching process，the cumulative leaching rate of heavy metals increased significantly both in two agents，indicating a strong heavy metal release capability still in the liquid-solid leaching system of titanium gypsum in addition to the standard accelerated leaching time，and the pollution control measures should be taken for the titanium gypsum of simple stockpiling because of its potential environmental risk．
The content and leaching characteristics with different leaching conditions of heavy metals in titanium gypsum were studied． The results indicated that the content of main trace elements of titanium gypsum such as Mn，Hg，Zn，Cr，As，were relatively high，showing the potential risk to the surrounding environment． The leaching under different extracting agents showed that the highest leaching concentration of heavy metals occurred in the seawater with the exception of Zn，and then H2 SO4 /HNO3 and deionized water，even the seawater concentration of Hg exceded standard limit． In the test of continuous static leaching，the leaching concentration of heavy metals continued to decrease both in saline and acid mixture，whereas the leaching amount in seawater was always higher，meaning that the promotion of salinity on heavy metals leaching could continue with time and a strong acid buffer capacity of titanium gypsum was observed． Simultaneously，with the continuous leaching process，the cumulative leaching rate of heavy metals increased significantly both in two agents，indicating a strong heavy metal release capability still in the liquid-solid leaching system of titanium gypsum in addition to the standard accelerated leaching time，and the pollution control measures should be taken for the titanium gypsum of simple stockpiling because of its potential environmental risk．
2015, 33(5): 136-139.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505029
Abstract:
This paper summarized the range of hydraulic conductivity values of both laboratory and field tests reported by former studieson landfill sites in China and abroad． Comparing different measurements used to estimate hydraulic conductivity and fundamental data of landfilled MSW in China and foreign countries，it is found that Chinese researchers have advantages in designing the effective and economic apparatus，but more hydraulic conductivity values need to be tested in the Chinese landfills．
This paper summarized the range of hydraulic conductivity values of both laboratory and field tests reported by former studieson landfill sites in China and abroad． Comparing different measurements used to estimate hydraulic conductivity and fundamental data of landfilled MSW in China and foreign countries，it is found that Chinese researchers have advantages in designing the effective and economic apparatus，but more hydraulic conductivity values need to be tested in the Chinese landfills．
2015, 33(5): 140-143.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505030
Abstract:
To solve the problems of high equipment cost，expensive operational cost，large monitoring region and less observation points for the PM2. 5 monitors both at home and abroad，a low-cost and high-precision PM2. 5 assistant monitoring method was proposed based on the national monitoring network． The system converts from particle number concentration to mass concentration by using DSM501A as acquiring PM2. 5 concentration sensor． Through deploying concentration sensors in monitor region，a PM2. 5 mass concentration network map was constructed by GPＲS network and construction of parametric surface． The study fills the blindness between existing national monitoring points． The forecast algorithm is established by Gaussian elimination algorithm and historical data． The experimental result showed that the measured data agreed basically with those of the national monitoring points． The system would be applied widely in the future．
To solve the problems of high equipment cost，expensive operational cost，large monitoring region and less observation points for the PM2. 5 monitors both at home and abroad，a low-cost and high-precision PM2. 5 assistant monitoring method was proposed based on the national monitoring network． The system converts from particle number concentration to mass concentration by using DSM501A as acquiring PM2. 5 concentration sensor． Through deploying concentration sensors in monitor region，a PM2. 5 mass concentration network map was constructed by GPＲS network and construction of parametric surface． The study fills the blindness between existing national monitoring points． The forecast algorithm is established by Gaussian elimination algorithm and historical data． The experimental result showed that the measured data agreed basically with those of the national monitoring points． The system would be applied widely in the future．
2015, 33(5): 144-148.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505031
Abstract:
The nonlinearity and uncertainty of water environmental pollution make the traditional water quality evaluation methods have limitations． In order to improve the accuracy of water quality evaluation，the paper put forward a water quality evaluation model based on improved wavelet neural network ( WNN) ． The initial weights of the wavelet neural network was optimized based on adaptive genetic algorithm ( AGA) ，and then training the network was trained by using the wavelet neural network algorithm，and finally，the trained network was tested． The simulation results showed that the combination of adaptive genetic algorithm and wavelet neural network improved the efficiency of network training， and this method could be used in for model of water quality evaluation，and the evaluation result would have higher precision and accuracy．
The nonlinearity and uncertainty of water environmental pollution make the traditional water quality evaluation methods have limitations． In order to improve the accuracy of water quality evaluation，the paper put forward a water quality evaluation model based on improved wavelet neural network ( WNN) ． The initial weights of the wavelet neural network was optimized based on adaptive genetic algorithm ( AGA) ，and then training the network was trained by using the wavelet neural network algorithm，and finally，the trained network was tested． The simulation results showed that the combination of adaptive genetic algorithm and wavelet neural network improved the efficiency of network training， and this method could be used in for model of water quality evaluation，and the evaluation result would have higher precision and accuracy．
2015, 33(5): 149-152.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505032
Abstract:
The paper evaluated soil pollution at 15 sites around a tailing reservoir of mineral processing and metallurgy． According to the state environmental quality standards for soils ( GB 15618—1995) ，single factor pollution index method and the composite pollution index method were disccussed． The analysis indicated that: The pollution levels for heavy metal of Cu， Zn，Cd，and Pb were below the second degree ( II) of the state standard at all sites; the severity order was Zn ＞ Cu ＞ Cd ＞ Pb; for individual metals，the pollution level for Cu was below the first degree ( I) of the state standard; Pb content exceeded the first degree ( I) of the state standard at the sites GW-3，GW-5，GW-6，and GW-7; Zn exceeded the first degree ( I) at the site GW-2，GW-8; Cd exceeded the first degree ( I) at the sites GW-5 and GW-7． The pollution levels around the reservoir was in the order as follows: East ＞ south ＞ north ＞ west．
The paper evaluated soil pollution at 15 sites around a tailing reservoir of mineral processing and metallurgy． According to the state environmental quality standards for soils ( GB 15618—1995) ，single factor pollution index method and the composite pollution index method were disccussed． The analysis indicated that: The pollution levels for heavy metal of Cu， Zn，Cd，and Pb were below the second degree ( II) of the state standard at all sites; the severity order was Zn ＞ Cu ＞ Cd ＞ Pb; for individual metals，the pollution level for Cu was below the first degree ( I) of the state standard; Pb content exceeded the first degree ( I) of the state standard at the sites GW-3，GW-5，GW-6，and GW-7; Zn exceeded the first degree ( I) at the site GW-2，GW-8; Cd exceeded the first degree ( I) at the sites GW-5 and GW-7． The pollution levels around the reservoir was in the order as follows: East ＞ south ＞ north ＞ west．
2015, 33(5): 153-156.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505033
Abstract:
Occupants' behavior of operating the air conditioning unit plays a significant role in energy conservation in buildings． A field monitoring was carried out to investigate the air conditioner usage behavior in an office building located in Hangzhou in summer． The probability of air conditioning unit was turned on and the great indoor thermal environment difference with the different air conditioning unit in operating state showed that the air conditioning unit played the key role in indoor space cooling in summer． The logistic regression was used to develop a statistical model for air conditioner usage behavior during summer． The outdoor tolerant temperature was found as 32. 0 ℃ based on the proposed formula in the logistic regression，the indoor tolerant air temperature was found as 28. 7 ℃．
Occupants' behavior of operating the air conditioning unit plays a significant role in energy conservation in buildings． A field monitoring was carried out to investigate the air conditioner usage behavior in an office building located in Hangzhou in summer． The probability of air conditioning unit was turned on and the great indoor thermal environment difference with the different air conditioning unit in operating state showed that the air conditioning unit played the key role in indoor space cooling in summer． The logistic regression was used to develop a statistical model for air conditioner usage behavior during summer． The outdoor tolerant temperature was found as 32. 0 ℃ based on the proposed formula in the logistic regression，the indoor tolerant air temperature was found as 28. 7 ℃．
2015, 33(5): 157-159.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505034
Abstract:
Bioremediation has been developed as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology for the removal of metals from sediments，especially the bioleaching． This paper reviewed the progress of bioleaching for remediation of heavy metals polluted sediment according to the latest literatures． It also introduced the research achievements in the removal of heavy metals by bioleaching over the past 10 years，especially the main factors affecting the efficiency of the heavy metal removal from sediments，such as pH，oxidation reduction potential ( OＲP) and organic matter，etc． In addition，the future application of this technology in remediation of metal-contaminated sediments was prospected．
Bioremediation has been developed as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology for the removal of metals from sediments，especially the bioleaching． This paper reviewed the progress of bioleaching for remediation of heavy metals polluted sediment according to the latest literatures． It also introduced the research achievements in the removal of heavy metals by bioleaching over the past 10 years，especially the main factors affecting the efficiency of the heavy metal removal from sediments，such as pH，oxidation reduction potential ( OＲP) and organic matter，etc． In addition，the future application of this technology in remediation of metal-contaminated sediments was prospected．
2015, 33(5): 160-165.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505035
Abstract:
The papers on remediation of contaminated soil in China recorded in the Chinese Journal Full-Text Database Ｒetrieval ( CNKI) ，Wanfang Data，and Chongqing metrics were statistically analyzed to find out the development status and trend of the soil remediation in China． The result demonstrated that the amounts of papers on soil remediation were increased rapidly from 2000 to 2011，indicating that mach attention had been paid to the remediation of contaminated soil in China since 2000． There were 6 012 authors with 129 core authors and 1 067 research institutes involved． There were 3 institutions that published 100 and over papers． Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked No． 1 in the quantity of published papers． The top 3 most cited articles were published in Chinese Journal of Soil Science and Chinese Science Bulletin． The published paper number and impact factor of Journal of Agro-Environment Science ( Agro-environmental protection) ranked at the fist place， followed by Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences，who published 89 in total． Keywords analysis demonstrated that the heavy metal pollution，organic pollution，pesticide pollution were the main type of soil pollution． In terms of soil remediation methods，much more attention was paid to phytoremediation，microbial remediation，and electrokinetic remediation than chemical remediation，physical repair，and leaching repair． The researches on in situ remediation were more than ectopic repair．
The papers on remediation of contaminated soil in China recorded in the Chinese Journal Full-Text Database Ｒetrieval ( CNKI) ，Wanfang Data，and Chongqing metrics were statistically analyzed to find out the development status and trend of the soil remediation in China． The result demonstrated that the amounts of papers on soil remediation were increased rapidly from 2000 to 2011，indicating that mach attention had been paid to the remediation of contaminated soil in China since 2000． There were 6 012 authors with 129 core authors and 1 067 research institutes involved． There were 3 institutions that published 100 and over papers． Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked No． 1 in the quantity of published papers． The top 3 most cited articles were published in Chinese Journal of Soil Science and Chinese Science Bulletin． The published paper number and impact factor of Journal of Agro-Environment Science ( Agro-environmental protection) ranked at the fist place， followed by Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences，who published 89 in total． Keywords analysis demonstrated that the heavy metal pollution，organic pollution，pesticide pollution were the main type of soil pollution． In terms of soil remediation methods，much more attention was paid to phytoremediation，microbial remediation，and electrokinetic remediation than chemical remediation，physical repair，and leaching repair． The researches on in situ remediation were more than ectopic repair．
2015, 33(5): 166-169.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201505036
Abstract:
The paper oxidized As( Ⅲ) to As( Ⅴ) in soil to make it easy to be solidified，minimizing its migration and toxicity．Nature light，UV，H2O2 ，nature light + H2O2 and UV + H2O2 were used as the oxidizing agents applying to simulating polluting soil． The results showed that all of them could oxidize As( Ⅲ) and UV + H2O2 had the best performance． Orthogonal test was carried out to get the optimum oxidizing conditions． The results showed that: UVC was best efficient; when the light intensity of 12 W and exposure time of 6 h，the oxidizing result was fine; the degree of oxidation didn' t improve with the increase of the light intensity and exposure time; H2O2 dosage of 20 mL/kg could reach an ideal effect and the degree of oxidation increased with the dosage of H2O2 ．
The paper oxidized As( Ⅲ) to As( Ⅴ) in soil to make it easy to be solidified，minimizing its migration and toxicity．Nature light，UV，H2O2 ，nature light + H2O2 and UV + H2O2 were used as the oxidizing agents applying to simulating polluting soil． The results showed that all of them could oxidize As( Ⅲ) and UV + H2O2 had the best performance． Orthogonal test was carried out to get the optimum oxidizing conditions． The results showed that: UVC was best efficient; when the light intensity of 12 W and exposure time of 6 h，the oxidizing result was fine; the degree of oxidation didn' t improve with the increase of the light intensity and exposure time; H2O2 dosage of 20 mL/kg could reach an ideal effect and the degree of oxidation increased with the dosage of H2O2 ．
