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2015 Vol. 33, No. 8
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2015, 33(8): 1-4.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508001
Abstract:
Precipitation similar to struvite was found in the effluent of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating swine manure wastewater by spontaneously reaction． The test studied the effect of different initial pH ( 8，9，10) on the precipitate composition and form in order to get struvite worthy of reuse． Results showed that: Phosphorous removal rate was 30. 8%，67. 6% and 87. 7%， respectively with initial pH of 8，9 and 10; struvite crystal with bigger size and better structure was formed during pH raised from 8 to 9; but precipitation formed at initial pH 10 was small，irregular and contained much impurities; besides，struvite was the main component of the precipitation at pH 8 and 9，but lots of calcium precipitation were formed at pH 10． Therefore，the optimal initial pH was 9 in this test for phosphorous recovery as struvite from anaerobically digested swine manure wastewater．
Precipitation similar to struvite was found in the effluent of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating swine manure wastewater by spontaneously reaction． The test studied the effect of different initial pH ( 8，9，10) on the precipitate composition and form in order to get struvite worthy of reuse． Results showed that: Phosphorous removal rate was 30. 8%，67. 6% and 87. 7%， respectively with initial pH of 8，9 and 10; struvite crystal with bigger size and better structure was formed during pH raised from 8 to 9; but precipitation formed at initial pH 10 was small，irregular and contained much impurities; besides，struvite was the main component of the precipitation at pH 8 and 9，but lots of calcium precipitation were formed at pH 10． Therefore，the optimal initial pH was 9 in this test for phosphorous recovery as struvite from anaerobically digested swine manure wastewater．
2015, 33(8): 5-7.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508002
Abstract:
Based on analysis of reclaimed water reuse in Taiyuan city，the reuse directions of reclaimed water system from sewage treatment plants and buildings reuse are presented and water models suitable for Taiyuan city are studied． Analysis result shows that，the reclaimed water reuse rate in Taiyuan is low，the construction of reuse project should be accelerated， and give a priority to the development of reclaimed water system from sewage treatment plants to industry ＆ landscape meanwhile constructing reclaimed water system for buildings． Combined the characteristics of terrain with construction schedule，in view of the old city，new town，the edge of the city area and industrial area，different reuse models are adopted．
Based on analysis of reclaimed water reuse in Taiyuan city，the reuse directions of reclaimed water system from sewage treatment plants and buildings reuse are presented and water models suitable for Taiyuan city are studied． Analysis result shows that，the reclaimed water reuse rate in Taiyuan is low，the construction of reuse project should be accelerated， and give a priority to the development of reclaimed water system from sewage treatment plants to industry ＆ landscape meanwhile constructing reclaimed water system for buildings． Combined the characteristics of terrain with construction schedule，in view of the old city，new town，the edge of the city area and industrial area，different reuse models are adopted．
2015, 33(8): 8-12.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508003
Abstract:
The paper built a wastewater evaporative concentrating and separation experimental device，and conducted experiments on the solution and wastewater at different temperature and pH conditions． According to the experimental data，a comprehensive summary of the thermodynamic properties and physical and chemical characteristics of wastewater were gained． The results showed that: The boiling point elevation of organic wastewater with high salinity increased with evaporative concentration ratio rised; when TDS reached to saturation concentration，the high amplitude of increasing boiling point elevation dipped; during the evaporation continued to advance，the salt precipitated out and boiling point elevation value went stabilized; as the evaporation temperature and the solution pH increasing，at the same evaporative concentration ratio，boiling point elevation and the organics rejection ratio of evaporative concentration in organic wastewater with high salinity increased．
The paper built a wastewater evaporative concentrating and separation experimental device，and conducted experiments on the solution and wastewater at different temperature and pH conditions． According to the experimental data，a comprehensive summary of the thermodynamic properties and physical and chemical characteristics of wastewater were gained． The results showed that: The boiling point elevation of organic wastewater with high salinity increased with evaporative concentration ratio rised; when TDS reached to saturation concentration，the high amplitude of increasing boiling point elevation dipped; during the evaporation continued to advance，the salt precipitated out and boiling point elevation value went stabilized; as the evaporation temperature and the solution pH increasing，at the same evaporative concentration ratio，boiling point elevation and the organics rejection ratio of evaporative concentration in organic wastewater with high salinity increased．
2015, 33(8): 13-16.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508004
Abstract:
With an enhanced biological phosphorus removal system ( A2 /O-MBBR) ， the paper studied the effect of different nitrification liquid reflux ratio on denitrifying phosphorus removal． The results showed that in the condition of COD of 400 mg /L， NH + 4 －N of 30 mg /L，SOP of 8 mg /L，nitrification liquid reflux ratio of A2 /O-MBBR process had a little effect on the removal rate of COD，NH + 4 －N and TN． The phosphorus absorption amount of anaerobic pool increased with increasing reflux ratio． When reflux ratio increased to 200%( NO － 3 －N = 4 mg /L) ，the amount was 20. 2 mg /L and the maximum utilization of PHB was 1. 12 g /( g·L) and had the best metabolic activity． The system of A2 /O-MBBR was proved to have significant denitrifying phosphorus removal capacity．
With an enhanced biological phosphorus removal system ( A2 /O-MBBR) ， the paper studied the effect of different nitrification liquid reflux ratio on denitrifying phosphorus removal． The results showed that in the condition of COD of 400 mg /L， NH + 4 －N of 30 mg /L，SOP of 8 mg /L，nitrification liquid reflux ratio of A2 /O-MBBR process had a little effect on the removal rate of COD，NH + 4 －N and TN． The phosphorus absorption amount of anaerobic pool increased with increasing reflux ratio． When reflux ratio increased to 200%( NO － 3 －N = 4 mg /L) ，the amount was 20. 2 mg /L and the maximum utilization of PHB was 1. 12 g /( g·L) and had the best metabolic activity． The system of A2 /O-MBBR was proved to have significant denitrifying phosphorus removal capacity．
2015, 33(8): 17-21.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508005
Abstract:
By studying bioretention system，it was found that the system's hydrological effect was mainly concerned with soil structure，the depth of design system，filling ratio，permeability，the ratio of facilities surface area to drainage area，climate and other relevant factors． Its nitrogen and phosphorus removal effience was relevent to the properties of the fillers，the saturated zone control，hydraulic retention time and other factors． The removal rate of TSS was usually up to 60%，fecal coliform，escherichia coli removal rate could reach about 70%． Metal ion removal and vegetation types were closely related．
By studying bioretention system，it was found that the system's hydrological effect was mainly concerned with soil structure，the depth of design system，filling ratio，permeability，the ratio of facilities surface area to drainage area，climate and other relevant factors． Its nitrogen and phosphorus removal effience was relevent to the properties of the fillers，the saturated zone control，hydraulic retention time and other factors． The removal rate of TSS was usually up to 60%，fecal coliform，escherichia coli removal rate could reach about 70%． Metal ion removal and vegetation types were closely related．
2015, 33(8): 22-26.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508006
Abstract:
A combined process of coagulation-filtration-air stripping was applied to remove pollutants from leachate in a fullscale municipal refuse incineration plant in attempt to assess the feasibility of joint-treatment of leachate and municipal sewage． The results showed that the removal rate of COD，TN，ammonium，and TP content in raw leachate reached 6. 0%，33. 3%， 32. 0%，and 71. 3%，respectively，when the dosage of FeCl3 and CaO were kept at 1‰ and 20 g /L in coagulation process． Then，the removal rates of TN and ammonium in landfill-leachate were increased to 83. 9% and 91. 4% after air stripping for 6 hours at 50 ℃． The pre-treated leachate was mixed with municipal sewage at a ratio of 1 /250，and C/N and C/P value of the mixed sewage increased from 2. 4 and 27. 7，to 3. 7 and 45. 5． Therefore，it can be inferred that the pre-treated leachate could be regarded as a potential carbon source for denitrification in the biological nitrogen removal process of municipal discharges． In view of the above，this combined process exhibits a promising application prospect in the treatment of sewage with low C/N value．
A combined process of coagulation-filtration-air stripping was applied to remove pollutants from leachate in a fullscale municipal refuse incineration plant in attempt to assess the feasibility of joint-treatment of leachate and municipal sewage． The results showed that the removal rate of COD，TN，ammonium，and TP content in raw leachate reached 6. 0%，33. 3%， 32. 0%，and 71. 3%，respectively，when the dosage of FeCl3 and CaO were kept at 1‰ and 20 g /L in coagulation process． Then，the removal rates of TN and ammonium in landfill-leachate were increased to 83. 9% and 91. 4% after air stripping for 6 hours at 50 ℃． The pre-treated leachate was mixed with municipal sewage at a ratio of 1 /250，and C/N and C/P value of the mixed sewage increased from 2. 4 and 27. 7，to 3. 7 and 45. 5． Therefore，it can be inferred that the pre-treated leachate could be regarded as a potential carbon source for denitrification in the biological nitrogen removal process of municipal discharges． In view of the above，this combined process exhibits a promising application prospect in the treatment of sewage with low C/N value．
2015, 33(8): 27-31.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508007
Abstract:
The influence of the rapid formation of aerobic granular sludge was investigated in sequencing batch reactors ( SBR) inoculated conventional activated sludge with synthetic domestic wastewater， adding fine soil and anaerobic granules respectively． The results showed that both methods could promote the formation of aerobic granules，the average particle size of the granules in the reactor dosing fine soil was between 0. 4 ～ 0. 5 mm three weeks later，and particle size of the granules in the reactor adding anaerobic granules was 0. 8 mm in 15 days，as the blank experiment was 0. 3 mm after running a month． SEM shows that the cultured aerobic granular has dense structure，high porosity，and a large number of bacillus and filamentous on the surface of the particles．
The influence of the rapid formation of aerobic granular sludge was investigated in sequencing batch reactors ( SBR) inoculated conventional activated sludge with synthetic domestic wastewater， adding fine soil and anaerobic granules respectively． The results showed that both methods could promote the formation of aerobic granules，the average particle size of the granules in the reactor dosing fine soil was between 0. 4 ～ 0. 5 mm three weeks later，and particle size of the granules in the reactor adding anaerobic granules was 0. 8 mm in 15 days，as the blank experiment was 0. 3 mm after running a month． SEM shows that the cultured aerobic granular has dense structure，high porosity，and a large number of bacillus and filamentous on the surface of the particles．
2015, 33(8): 32-36.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508008
Abstract:
This paper studied the anaerobic startup of pomace liquid waste anaerobic process with high concentration of VFA through experiment， and four conditions should be met during the startup of anaerobic reaction． The results showed that the startup process could be divided into four stages according to the startup process． Organic acid accumulation could be detected before the indictors，like pH etc，changed notably，through the calculational analysis by track the organic carbon balance of the anaerobic in the experiment． By using the urea to control the acid-base balance of digestive juice，the organic load and the gas production was 2. 83 kg /( m3·d) and 658. 8 L/( m3·d) respectively，as the anaerobic startup process reached a stable operation．
This paper studied the anaerobic startup of pomace liquid waste anaerobic process with high concentration of VFA through experiment， and four conditions should be met during the startup of anaerobic reaction． The results showed that the startup process could be divided into four stages according to the startup process． Organic acid accumulation could be detected before the indictors，like pH etc，changed notably，through the calculational analysis by track the organic carbon balance of the anaerobic in the experiment． By using the urea to control the acid-base balance of digestive juice，the organic load and the gas production was 2. 83 kg /( m3·d) and 658. 8 L/( m3·d) respectively，as the anaerobic startup process reached a stable operation．
2015, 33(8): 37-41.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508009
Abstract:
A field simulation and analysis using Visual MODFLOW on existing oil leakage of a social gas station was conducted． According to the actual situation of geological and surface structures，the area reasonably is divided into five sub areas． The transport law of methyl tert-butyl ether，which is the characteristics pollutant of gas station underground water containing loose rock pore water medium is established by combining with tracking simulation ( MODPATH) and transport simulation ( MT3D) module． The hydrological parameters of sand and gravel layer is verified． This can provide basis for the prevention and control of pollution and site remediation
A field simulation and analysis using Visual MODFLOW on existing oil leakage of a social gas station was conducted． According to the actual situation of geological and surface structures，the area reasonably is divided into five sub areas． The transport law of methyl tert-butyl ether，which is the characteristics pollutant of gas station underground water containing loose rock pore water medium is established by combining with tracking simulation ( MODPATH) and transport simulation ( MT3D) module． The hydrological parameters of sand and gravel layer is verified． This can provide basis for the prevention and control of pollution and site remediation
2015, 33(8): 42-46.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508010
Abstract:
Simultaneous biological carbon，nitrogen and sulfur removal is drawing increasing interest by exploring an economical and efficient wastewater treatment system． However，simultaneous denitrifying sulfide removal and sulfatedependent ANAMMOX have not been investigated until recently． Most research on denitrifying sulfide removal is limited to bioreactor performance，loading and operating conditions． It is necessary to establish the underlying principles of the biochemical reactions and the mechanisms of the microbial degradation． Thus，this paper summarized the bioreactor operation， performance，modeling set-up and corresponding microbial community． Finally，future work on simultaneous biological nitrogen，sulfur，carbon removal is put forward．
Simultaneous biological carbon，nitrogen and sulfur removal is drawing increasing interest by exploring an economical and efficient wastewater treatment system． However，simultaneous denitrifying sulfide removal and sulfatedependent ANAMMOX have not been investigated until recently． Most research on denitrifying sulfide removal is limited to bioreactor performance，loading and operating conditions． It is necessary to establish the underlying principles of the biochemical reactions and the mechanisms of the microbial degradation． Thus，this paper summarized the bioreactor operation， performance，modeling set-up and corresponding microbial community． Finally，future work on simultaneous biological nitrogen，sulfur，carbon removal is put forward．
2015, 33(8): 47-51.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508011
Abstract:
The concentration of heavy metals in the flue gas before and after 6 sets of typical pollution control system of coalfired industrial boilers were tested，and the removal efficiencies of the electrostatic precipitator ( ESP) ，wet flue gas desulfurization ( WFGD) system and the integrated desulfurization and dust removal unit on the heavy metals in flue gas were also studied． ESP shows great performance in heavy metals removal，and the efficiency of more than 50% can be attained for Pb，Cd and Cr． And as for Hg removal process of ESP of the No. 1 and No. 2 industrial boilers，the efficiencies are 45. 70% and 29. 63%，respectively． The concentrations of Hg，Pb and Cd are less than 10 μg /m3 in the outlet of WFGD system． The integrated desulfurization and dust removal unit slightly influences the removal efficiency of Hg，Pb and Cd，and the Pb emission concentration after the No. 4 industrial cleaning unit is as high as 65. 76 μg /m3 ． The heavy metals removal capacities for the ESP + WFGD are higher than that of the integrated desulfurization and dust removal unit．
The concentration of heavy metals in the flue gas before and after 6 sets of typical pollution control system of coalfired industrial boilers were tested，and the removal efficiencies of the electrostatic precipitator ( ESP) ，wet flue gas desulfurization ( WFGD) system and the integrated desulfurization and dust removal unit on the heavy metals in flue gas were also studied． ESP shows great performance in heavy metals removal，and the efficiency of more than 50% can be attained for Pb，Cd and Cr． And as for Hg removal process of ESP of the No. 1 and No. 2 industrial boilers，the efficiencies are 45. 70% and 29. 63%，respectively． The concentrations of Hg，Pb and Cd are less than 10 μg /m3 in the outlet of WFGD system． The integrated desulfurization and dust removal unit slightly influences the removal efficiency of Hg，Pb and Cd，and the Pb emission concentration after the No. 4 industrial cleaning unit is as high as 65. 76 μg /m3 ． The heavy metals removal capacities for the ESP + WFGD are higher than that of the integrated desulfurization and dust removal unit．
2015, 33(8): 52-55.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508012
Abstract:
The higher temperature of the flue gas after wet desulfurization is helpful for its diffusion of pollutants into the air， but there are more problems existing in the engineering applications of gas-gas heaters． Based on comparison and analysis of the current flue gas reheating technologies，the comprehensive reheating technology compost of gas-gas heater and steam-gas heater was selected for a thermal power plant． It was proved to have the ability to reduce the possibility of corrosion as well as device blocking，and improve the operational stability of the system． So it can provide references for the similar wet flue gas reheat systems．
The higher temperature of the flue gas after wet desulfurization is helpful for its diffusion of pollutants into the air， but there are more problems existing in the engineering applications of gas-gas heaters． Based on comparison and analysis of the current flue gas reheating technologies，the comprehensive reheating technology compost of gas-gas heater and steam-gas heater was selected for a thermal power plant． It was proved to have the ability to reduce the possibility of corrosion as well as device blocking，and improve the operational stability of the system． So it can provide references for the similar wet flue gas reheat systems．
2015, 33(8): 56-60.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508013
Abstract:
After building up the testing equipments of the gas temperature of electrostatic fabric filter，the suitable detectors and controlling method were selected through the simulation of flue gas temperature． For keeping filter bag from damage by high temperature flue gas，the technology of bypass，spray cooling，cold air mixing and low temperature ( pressure ) economizer were developed． We also developed the system of monitoring the pressure of dust cleaning and pre-coating for filter bag． Test of interactive linkage between bypass valve and lift valve were also carried out，to prevent the flue gas path from saltation，realizing the safty protection of the system of the bag filter as well as the boiler．
After building up the testing equipments of the gas temperature of electrostatic fabric filter，the suitable detectors and controlling method were selected through the simulation of flue gas temperature． For keeping filter bag from damage by high temperature flue gas，the technology of bypass，spray cooling，cold air mixing and low temperature ( pressure ) economizer were developed． We also developed the system of monitoring the pressure of dust cleaning and pre-coating for filter bag． Test of interactive linkage between bypass valve and lift valve were also carried out，to prevent the flue gas path from saltation，realizing the safty protection of the system of the bag filter as well as the boiler．
2015, 33(8): 61-65.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508014
Abstract:
In order to explore the occurrence and pollution source of formaldehyde and TVOC in underground stores in Xi'an， a portable formaldehyde gas detector ( Z-300XP) and a portable VOCs gas detector ( Mini 3000) were used to measure indoor formaldehyde and TVOC concentration of 9 underground stores in Xi' an city，and analyze the affecting factors of indoor formaldehyde and TVOC in underground stores． The results showed that pollution of formaldehyde and TVOC in indoor air of underground stores is serious; the mean concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC of each monitoring underground stores were 0. 05 ～ 0. 26 mg /m3 and 0. 34 ～ 3. 56 mg /m3 ; there are 6 underground stores with formaldehyde and 7 underground stores with TVOC concentration exceeding the standard，limit and the exceeding rate reaches 66. 7% and 77. 8%，respectively． The concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC pollutions are more serious in oversize underground stores than those in smaller underground stores; the formaldehyde and TVOC pollution in indoor air of underground stores mainly come from decoration and merchandises sold，and this illustrate that the ventilation volume are not enough in the underground stores．
In order to explore the occurrence and pollution source of formaldehyde and TVOC in underground stores in Xi'an， a portable formaldehyde gas detector ( Z-300XP) and a portable VOCs gas detector ( Mini 3000) were used to measure indoor formaldehyde and TVOC concentration of 9 underground stores in Xi' an city，and analyze the affecting factors of indoor formaldehyde and TVOC in underground stores． The results showed that pollution of formaldehyde and TVOC in indoor air of underground stores is serious; the mean concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC of each monitoring underground stores were 0. 05 ～ 0. 26 mg /m3 and 0. 34 ～ 3. 56 mg /m3 ; there are 6 underground stores with formaldehyde and 7 underground stores with TVOC concentration exceeding the standard，limit and the exceeding rate reaches 66. 7% and 77. 8%，respectively． The concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC pollutions are more serious in oversize underground stores than those in smaller underground stores; the formaldehyde and TVOC pollution in indoor air of underground stores mainly come from decoration and merchandises sold，and this illustrate that the ventilation volume are not enough in the underground stores．
2015, 33(8): 66-69.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508015
Abstract:
Taking the dust bunnies in the surrounding areas of a power plant in Chengdu as the research object，the content of five heavy metals( Pb，Zn，Cu，Ni and Cr) and soluble inorganic anion content in the dust bunnies were evaluated，and on the basis of the result the dust bunnies pollution characteristics in the surrounding areas of the coal-fired power plant were studied． Results show that the average content of heavy metals in the region＇s dust bunnies was in the order of Zn ＞ Pb ＞ Cr ＞ Cu ＞ Ni． Results showed that Zn and Pb pollution is the most severe，consider as the rank moderate; the influence of the power plant activities contributes the most so as to threat the residents＇health; the enrichment factor of Cl － ，NO － 3 and SO2 － 4 in dust bunnies is 2. 8，4. 78 and 3. 03，respectively，all belonging to rank moderate． It can be infered that，in addition to the natural source， pollution also from human activities，especially that of the power plant．
Taking the dust bunnies in the surrounding areas of a power plant in Chengdu as the research object，the content of five heavy metals( Pb，Zn，Cu，Ni and Cr) and soluble inorganic anion content in the dust bunnies were evaluated，and on the basis of the result the dust bunnies pollution characteristics in the surrounding areas of the coal-fired power plant were studied． Results show that the average content of heavy metals in the region＇s dust bunnies was in the order of Zn ＞ Pb ＞ Cr ＞ Cu ＞ Ni． Results showed that Zn and Pb pollution is the most severe，consider as the rank moderate; the influence of the power plant activities contributes the most so as to threat the residents＇health; the enrichment factor of Cl － ，NO － 3 and SO2 － 4 in dust bunnies is 2. 8，4. 78 and 3. 03，respectively，all belonging to rank moderate． It can be infered that，in addition to the natural source， pollution also from human activities，especially that of the power plant．
2015, 33(8): 70-73.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508016
Abstract:
With the rapid increase of municipal solid waste landfill，air pollution caused by landfill gases draws more attention． A lot of research has been carried out on landfill gases emission，which concentrated on greenhouse gases and volatile organic compounds． This paper summarizes the recent research progress of three kinds of greenhouse gases and volatile organic compounds in municipal solid waste landfill． The emission estimate，generation models，advantages and disadvantages of monitoring methods，and volatile organic compounds treatment and reutilization，of the solid wastes and landfill gases，both in China and overseas，are introduced． The necessity of research on the correlation among the appropriate landfill gases and secondary pollutants， and meteorological conditions concerning landfill gas emissions monitoring should also been strengthened．
With the rapid increase of municipal solid waste landfill，air pollution caused by landfill gases draws more attention． A lot of research has been carried out on landfill gases emission，which concentrated on greenhouse gases and volatile organic compounds． This paper summarizes the recent research progress of three kinds of greenhouse gases and volatile organic compounds in municipal solid waste landfill． The emission estimate，generation models，advantages and disadvantages of monitoring methods，and volatile organic compounds treatment and reutilization，of the solid wastes and landfill gases，both in China and overseas，are introduced． The necessity of research on the correlation among the appropriate landfill gases and secondary pollutants， and meteorological conditions concerning landfill gas emissions monitoring should also been strengthened．
2015, 33(8): 74-78.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508017
Abstract:
Organic waste will produce large amount of VOCs in the biotransformation process， not only pollute the environment，endanger human health，but also become the bottleneck factor of current waste disposal engineering operation． In this article，literature reviewing is carried out to summarize the producing of organic waste VOCs，monitoring technologies， discharge status，influencing factors and controlling methods，in order to give references for controlling of the VOCs generated in organic waste bio-treatment． The results showed that，in the process of biotransformation of organic waste，there are more than 100 kinds of VOCs generated，and the concentration of VOCs produced in the landfill and composting are 67 to 7 896 mg / m3 and 411 to 14 547 mg /m3 ，respectively． The concentration of VOCs has a wide distribution range，and the removal efficiency is to be improved． The highest concentration of VOCs produced in anaerobic fermentation in general is no more than 30 mg /m3 ，which is easy to collect and remove through the catalytic and thermal incineration
Organic waste will produce large amount of VOCs in the biotransformation process， not only pollute the environment，endanger human health，but also become the bottleneck factor of current waste disposal engineering operation． In this article，literature reviewing is carried out to summarize the producing of organic waste VOCs，monitoring technologies， discharge status，influencing factors and controlling methods，in order to give references for controlling of the VOCs generated in organic waste bio-treatment． The results showed that，in the process of biotransformation of organic waste，there are more than 100 kinds of VOCs generated，and the concentration of VOCs produced in the landfill and composting are 67 to 7 896 mg / m3 and 411 to 14 547 mg /m3 ，respectively． The concentration of VOCs has a wide distribution range，and the removal efficiency is to be improved． The highest concentration of VOCs produced in anaerobic fermentation in general is no more than 30 mg /m3 ，which is easy to collect and remove through the catalytic and thermal incineration
2015, 33(8): 79-82.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508018
Abstract:
The characteristics of drum drying for deep-dehydration dyeing sludge was experimentally studied by utilizing gas from oil burning，which was used to simulate flue gas from thermal power plants． The effect of rotary speed of drum，gas flow rate and drum length on the sludge drying performance and thermal efficiency of dryer was investigated． Besides，the impact of inlet gas temperature on the pollutants emission from exhaust gas was also discussed in this paper． The results showed the rotary speed of drum played an important role in determining sludge retention time in the dryer． It was also the most important impact factor affecting the moisture content of final product，whereas the gas flow rate was the main factor determining the thermal efficiency of dryer． For deep-dehydration dyeing sludge，the volumetric heat transfer coefficient of the dryer was 0. 361 ～ 1. 168 kJ /( m3·s·℃) ． The gas flow rate would affect the volumetric heat transfer coefficient of the dryer to some extent， whereas the rotary speed of drum had little impact on it． All the pollutants emission concentrations met national emission standards with an exception that the NH3 and odor concentrations in drying exhaust were higher than that of Rank 3 in factory pollutants emission standard． For controlling the release of NH3 ，H2 S and BTEX during sludge drying，the drum drying temperature of deep-dehydration dyeing sludge should be lower than 190 ℃．
The characteristics of drum drying for deep-dehydration dyeing sludge was experimentally studied by utilizing gas from oil burning，which was used to simulate flue gas from thermal power plants． The effect of rotary speed of drum，gas flow rate and drum length on the sludge drying performance and thermal efficiency of dryer was investigated． Besides，the impact of inlet gas temperature on the pollutants emission from exhaust gas was also discussed in this paper． The results showed the rotary speed of drum played an important role in determining sludge retention time in the dryer． It was also the most important impact factor affecting the moisture content of final product，whereas the gas flow rate was the main factor determining the thermal efficiency of dryer． For deep-dehydration dyeing sludge，the volumetric heat transfer coefficient of the dryer was 0. 361 ～ 1. 168 kJ /( m3·s·℃) ． The gas flow rate would affect the volumetric heat transfer coefficient of the dryer to some extent， whereas the rotary speed of drum had little impact on it． All the pollutants emission concentrations met national emission standards with an exception that the NH3 and odor concentrations in drying exhaust were higher than that of Rank 3 in factory pollutants emission standard． For controlling the release of NH3 ，H2 S and BTEX during sludge drying，the drum drying temperature of deep-dehydration dyeing sludge should be lower than 190 ℃．
2015, 33(8): 83-86.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508019
Abstract:
Iron ore tailings，with large storage amount and low utilization rate，is one of the world' s major solid wastes． Improving the comprehensive utilization level of iron ore tailings resources has attracted attention from researchers from many countries，and become a key point in improving the ecological environment． Review of application of iron tailings in concrete， lightweight wall materials，mortar，cement and other raw materials in cementitious materials， and current existing problems and the future directions are discussed and proposed．
Iron ore tailings，with large storage amount and low utilization rate，is one of the world' s major solid wastes． Improving the comprehensive utilization level of iron ore tailings resources has attracted attention from researchers from many countries，and become a key point in improving the ecological environment． Review of application of iron tailings in concrete， lightweight wall materials，mortar，cement and other raw materials in cementitious materials， and current existing problems and the future directions are discussed and proposed．
2015, 33(8): 87-91.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508020
Abstract:
A strain of dominant bacteria was isolated from a uranium mill tailing piles located in Shaoguan city，Guangdong province，China． The bacteria was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis ( named Bt) on the basis of its colony morphology， physiological and biochemical characteristics，as well as 16S rDNA sequence homology analysis． Its uranium tolerance and the effect of different conditions ( temperature，pH value，NaCl concentration) on its growth were evaluated through batch experiments in the presence of 5 mg /L U6 + liquid culture through analyzing the value of D600 nm ． The results of single factor growth character experiments indicated that the optimum temperature，pH and salinity range for growth were 30 ℃，pH = 7. 0， and 0. 5 ～ 50 g /L( NaCl) ，respectively． The strain could tolerate a uranium concentration up to 100 mg /L U6 + at 25% incubation amount，30 ℃，initial pH 4 ～ 10，and it could preserve high growth activities in the salinity less than 8%． The results indicated that Bt strain has high resistance to uranium and has potential in application for bioleaching of uranium and bioremediation of uranium-polluted soil．
A strain of dominant bacteria was isolated from a uranium mill tailing piles located in Shaoguan city，Guangdong province，China． The bacteria was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis ( named Bt) on the basis of its colony morphology， physiological and biochemical characteristics，as well as 16S rDNA sequence homology analysis． Its uranium tolerance and the effect of different conditions ( temperature，pH value，NaCl concentration) on its growth were evaluated through batch experiments in the presence of 5 mg /L U6 + liquid culture through analyzing the value of D600 nm ． The results of single factor growth character experiments indicated that the optimum temperature，pH and salinity range for growth were 30 ℃，pH = 7. 0， and 0. 5 ～ 50 g /L( NaCl) ，respectively． The strain could tolerate a uranium concentration up to 100 mg /L U6 + at 25% incubation amount，30 ℃，initial pH 4 ～ 10，and it could preserve high growth activities in the salinity less than 8%． The results indicated that Bt strain has high resistance to uranium and has potential in application for bioleaching of uranium and bioremediation of uranium-polluted soil．
2015, 33(8): 92-96.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508021
Abstract:
Under the premise of full consideration of the risk characteristics and site information of mercury-containing contamination in the case，we chose 3MRA models to simulate and predict safety threshold of WP，WP-LF and WP-LF-LAU， the three processing modes for safe disposal of mercury were conducted in different setting conditions，in order to provide data information for options of waste disposal program． Simulation experiments showed that，in the simulation of ingestion exposed way，when the protection ratio and the confidence level is constant，non-carcinogenic risk threshold，calculated by waste disposal mode of WP，WP-LF，and WP-LF-LAU，would increase or be unchanged with the radial distance from case site inereased． The waste disposal mode of WP-LF not only showed better scalability with simulated distance changing，but also had a higher confidence level than the other two waste disposal models，in a certain protection ratio and a certain threshold value． WP-LF waste disposal mode is proved to be the best choice for mercury-bearing waste disposal in this case．
Under the premise of full consideration of the risk characteristics and site information of mercury-containing contamination in the case，we chose 3MRA models to simulate and predict safety threshold of WP，WP-LF and WP-LF-LAU， the three processing modes for safe disposal of mercury were conducted in different setting conditions，in order to provide data information for options of waste disposal program． Simulation experiments showed that，in the simulation of ingestion exposed way，when the protection ratio and the confidence level is constant，non-carcinogenic risk threshold，calculated by waste disposal mode of WP，WP-LF，and WP-LF-LAU，would increase or be unchanged with the radial distance from case site inereased． The waste disposal mode of WP-LF not only showed better scalability with simulated distance changing，but also had a higher confidence level than the other two waste disposal models，in a certain protection ratio and a certain threshold value． WP-LF waste disposal mode is proved to be the best choice for mercury-bearing waste disposal in this case．
2015, 33(8): 97-100.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508022
Abstract:
In order to explore the optimum technological parameters for biological drying of MSW，fresh household garbage was used as materials of biological drying in Dongcun village waste disposal field for biological drying pilot test． The optimum parameters were determined by measuring effects of the orthogonal tests on piled height，initial moisture content，aeration mode，and turning method． The result shows that the influencing factors sequence by their effect on biological drying for MSW is as follows: turning method ＞ aeration mode ＞ initial moisture content ＞ piled height． The optimum technological parameters group for biological drying is as follows: a piled height of 1. 5 m，initial moisture content of 60%，aeration time of 10 min ( ON) /30 min( OFF) ，and pile turning frequency of 1 time for 2 days．
In order to explore the optimum technological parameters for biological drying of MSW，fresh household garbage was used as materials of biological drying in Dongcun village waste disposal field for biological drying pilot test． The optimum parameters were determined by measuring effects of the orthogonal tests on piled height，initial moisture content，aeration mode，and turning method． The result shows that the influencing factors sequence by their effect on biological drying for MSW is as follows: turning method ＞ aeration mode ＞ initial moisture content ＞ piled height． The optimum technological parameters group for biological drying is as follows: a piled height of 1. 5 m，initial moisture content of 60%，aeration time of 10 min ( ON) /30 min( OFF) ，and pile turning frequency of 1 time for 2 days．
2015, 33(8): 101-104.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508023
Abstract:
According to the fundamental properties of steel making solid wastes，a novel process combining pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy technologies was proposed in order to recycle Fe and Zn． And then a series of experiments were carried out to testify its recycling performance． The results showed that this process could not only separate and collect metal such as Fe and Zn，but also made good use of carbon in the solid wastes． In the product，the total iron content could reach 95. 52%，and metallic iron content could reach 94. 81%，thus the recovery rate of iron was up to 91. 53%; the purity of zinc reached 99. 41%，and the recovery of zinc was as high as 93. 82%．
According to the fundamental properties of steel making solid wastes，a novel process combining pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy technologies was proposed in order to recycle Fe and Zn． And then a series of experiments were carried out to testify its recycling performance． The results showed that this process could not only separate and collect metal such as Fe and Zn，but also made good use of carbon in the solid wastes． In the product，the total iron content could reach 95. 52%，and metallic iron content could reach 94. 81%，thus the recovery rate of iron was up to 91. 53%; the purity of zinc reached 99. 41%，and the recovery of zinc was as high as 93. 82%．
2015, 33(8): 105-109.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508024
Abstract:
In this study，activated carbon was modified by N + irradiation in the ion beam irradiation device． The morphology and structure of activated carbon were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy ( FESEM) and Raman spectrometer ( Raman) ． The variation of adsorption properties of methylene blue ( MB) onto activated carbon after N + irradiation was investigated． The results showed the ion beam modification could decrease the specific surface area，the degree of graphitization and the adsorption capacity of activated carbon． The adsorption capacity reduced as the irradiation dose increased． In the experiment，when the concentration of activated carbon was 0. 667 g /L，the adsorption time was 360 min， the oscillation frequency of constant temperature oscillator was 250 r /min，and the adsorption temperature was of 308 K，the adsorption capacity of MB onto activated carbon was 249. 081 mg /g，while that of the modified activated carbon with 40 000 dose was 241. 726 mg /g． The adsorption process of MB onto modified activated carbon accorded well with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models．
In this study，activated carbon was modified by N + irradiation in the ion beam irradiation device． The morphology and structure of activated carbon were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy ( FESEM) and Raman spectrometer ( Raman) ． The variation of adsorption properties of methylene blue ( MB) onto activated carbon after N + irradiation was investigated． The results showed the ion beam modification could decrease the specific surface area，the degree of graphitization and the adsorption capacity of activated carbon． The adsorption capacity reduced as the irradiation dose increased． In the experiment，when the concentration of activated carbon was 0. 667 g /L，the adsorption time was 360 min， the oscillation frequency of constant temperature oscillator was 250 r /min，and the adsorption temperature was of 308 K，the adsorption capacity of MB onto activated carbon was 249. 081 mg /g，while that of the modified activated carbon with 40 000 dose was 241. 726 mg /g． The adsorption process of MB onto modified activated carbon accorded well with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models．
2015, 33(8): 110-113.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508025
Abstract:
To research the behavior of the ionic organic flocculant on sludge dewatering，under different conditons， the paper added the flocculant of poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ( HCA) and polyacrylamide ( APAM) to the sludge． The results showed that pH，flocculation time and the dosage of flocculant significantly affected the performance of sludge dewatering． The optimal reaction conditions of sludge dewatering was the flocculant dosage of 30 mg /L，the pH of 5，the vacuum filtration time of 4min． HCA and APAM could achieve better performance of sludge dewatering，but the behaviour of HCA was better than APAM． Besides，adsorption bridging was the main mechanism of flocculation reaction，charge neutralization played a supporting role．
To research the behavior of the ionic organic flocculant on sludge dewatering，under different conditons， the paper added the flocculant of poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ( HCA) and polyacrylamide ( APAM) to the sludge． The results showed that pH，flocculation time and the dosage of flocculant significantly affected the performance of sludge dewatering． The optimal reaction conditions of sludge dewatering was the flocculant dosage of 30 mg /L，the pH of 5，the vacuum filtration time of 4min． HCA and APAM could achieve better performance of sludge dewatering，but the behaviour of HCA was better than APAM． Besides，adsorption bridging was the main mechanism of flocculation reaction，charge neutralization played a supporting role．
2015, 33(8): 114-117.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508026
Abstract:
In order to study the feasibility of using soil spectral to predict the content of heavy metal Pb，the paper measured soil spectral data and the Pb element's content of sample points． Using methods of resampling，first-order differential，inverse logarithm，wavelet analysis and envelope spectrum，a stepwise regression model was established to achieve the prediction of Pb element's content through soil spectral data． Regression model based on inverse logarithm processing method was of high precision． Thus，it is feasible to predict the content of Pb using soil spectral．
In order to study the feasibility of using soil spectral to predict the content of heavy metal Pb，the paper measured soil spectral data and the Pb element's content of sample points． Using methods of resampling，first-order differential，inverse logarithm，wavelet analysis and envelope spectrum，a stepwise regression model was established to achieve the prediction of Pb element's content through soil spectral data． Regression model based on inverse logarithm processing method was of high precision． Thus，it is feasible to predict the content of Pb using soil spectral．
2015, 33(8): 118-122.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508027
Abstract:
This paper studied and analyzed the space distribution characteristics of six heavy metals( As，Cd，Cr，Cu，Pb and Hg) in sediments from Liangtanghe River in Taihu Baisn． Correlation analysis showed that the Pb，Cd and Hg had significant positive correlation，the As and Cu also had a significant positive correlation and Cr did't have good relation with other metals． Based on SQGs benchmark，the concentration of As，Cd，Cr，Hg，Pb were between ERL and ERM，they may have certain toxicity to waters; the concentration of Cu in some sampling points were higher than the value of ERM，so Cu may have a very strong toxicity to aquatic ecosystems． Hakanson potential ecological risk index showed that the ecological risk of six heavy metals was in the descending order of Cd，Cu，As，Hg，Pb，Cr，all the sampling points were present some ecological risks and No． 5，No． 6 sampling point are under in a quarter strong ecological risk．
This paper studied and analyzed the space distribution characteristics of six heavy metals( As，Cd，Cr，Cu，Pb and Hg) in sediments from Liangtanghe River in Taihu Baisn． Correlation analysis showed that the Pb，Cd and Hg had significant positive correlation，the As and Cu also had a significant positive correlation and Cr did't have good relation with other metals． Based on SQGs benchmark，the concentration of As，Cd，Cr，Hg，Pb were between ERL and ERM，they may have certain toxicity to waters; the concentration of Cu in some sampling points were higher than the value of ERM，so Cu may have a very strong toxicity to aquatic ecosystems． Hakanson potential ecological risk index showed that the ecological risk of six heavy metals was in the descending order of Cd，Cu，As，Hg，Pb，Cr，all the sampling points were present some ecological risks and No． 5，No． 6 sampling point are under in a quarter strong ecological risk．
2015, 33(8): 123-126.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508028
Abstract:
Dissolved organic matter ( DOM) in natural water has a significant impact on determination of OTC． Through solid phase extraction and LC-MS-MS， the study focused on the impact characteristics of DOM with different concentrations from different origins in the determination of OTC． The results indicated that DOM with different concentrations had different effect on the determination of OTC，and the recoveries of OTC with nature soil DOM were higher than the commercial DOM presence． When the same concentration of DOM presence，the recoveries of OTC in sandy soil DOM were nearly equivalent to the absence of DOM，and the OTC recoveries decreased by degrees with the presence of domestic commercial DOM，river sedimentary soil DOM，import commercial DOM． At the same time，the signal of OTC didn’t generate by the determination of LC-MS-MS when the same concentrations DOM in the presence of solution，and the results indicated that the relationship between DOM and OTC brought about the determination change． Besides，the study provided the scientific advice for the analyses and data correction of antibiotics pollutants．
Dissolved organic matter ( DOM) in natural water has a significant impact on determination of OTC． Through solid phase extraction and LC-MS-MS， the study focused on the impact characteristics of DOM with different concentrations from different origins in the determination of OTC． The results indicated that DOM with different concentrations had different effect on the determination of OTC，and the recoveries of OTC with nature soil DOM were higher than the commercial DOM presence． When the same concentration of DOM presence，the recoveries of OTC in sandy soil DOM were nearly equivalent to the absence of DOM，and the OTC recoveries decreased by degrees with the presence of domestic commercial DOM，river sedimentary soil DOM，import commercial DOM． At the same time，the signal of OTC didn’t generate by the determination of LC-MS-MS when the same concentrations DOM in the presence of solution，and the results indicated that the relationship between DOM and OTC brought about the determination change． Besides，the study provided the scientific advice for the analyses and data correction of antibiotics pollutants．
2015, 33(8): 132-135.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508030
Abstract:
Methyl chloride is an important chemical which has the property of flammable，explosive and toxic，it will produce carbonyl chloride in heat or sparks，and it’s a hazardous chemical that poses a great threat to the safety of life and property． Property of methyl chloride associated carbonyl chloride is easy to be neglected in environmental risk assessment，and it’s a lack of research on methyl chloride leak accident’s risk at present． Taking a petrochemical plant’s methyl chloride tank as an example，we used multipuff atmospheric diffusion model to predict the risk effect of the maximum credible accident that the chlorine methane leaks in pipeline and associated with carbonyl chloride，analyzed the extent of the accident，and proposed targeted risk prevention and emergency measures that combined with the prediction results． It's helpful in providing references for the environmental risk assessment and risk emergency management which relates to the methane chloride project．
Methyl chloride is an important chemical which has the property of flammable，explosive and toxic，it will produce carbonyl chloride in heat or sparks，and it’s a hazardous chemical that poses a great threat to the safety of life and property． Property of methyl chloride associated carbonyl chloride is easy to be neglected in environmental risk assessment，and it’s a lack of research on methyl chloride leak accident’s risk at present． Taking a petrochemical plant’s methyl chloride tank as an example，we used multipuff atmospheric diffusion model to predict the risk effect of the maximum credible accident that the chlorine methane leaks in pipeline and associated with carbonyl chloride，analyzed the extent of the accident，and proposed targeted risk prevention and emergency measures that combined with the prediction results． It's helpful in providing references for the environmental risk assessment and risk emergency management which relates to the methane chloride project．
2015, 33(8): 136-139.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508031
Abstract:
Coal，slag，limestone，water in desulfurization process，gypsum，desulfurization wastewater and ash were sampled and tested in order to study mercury emission characteristics from a typical coal-fired power plant． EPA30B and Ontario-Hydro methods were applied to determine the mercury speciation of flue gas in different position． The results indicated that the mercury emission concentration of 300 MW unit met“Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants”( GB 13223—2011) ． The mercury emission in flue gas accounted for a considerable proportion，reaching 89. 50%，and the amount of mercury emission into the atmosphere was about 38. 72 μ g / ( kW·h) ． The flue gas purification system of typical 300MW units was SCR + ESP + WFGD combined process，and the removal efficiency of mercury in flue gas was only 29. 71%，and mercury removal rate was not high without strengthen the mercury removal measures．
Coal，slag，limestone，water in desulfurization process，gypsum，desulfurization wastewater and ash were sampled and tested in order to study mercury emission characteristics from a typical coal-fired power plant． EPA30B and Ontario-Hydro methods were applied to determine the mercury speciation of flue gas in different position． The results indicated that the mercury emission concentration of 300 MW unit met“Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants”( GB 13223—2011) ． The mercury emission in flue gas accounted for a considerable proportion，reaching 89. 50%，and the amount of mercury emission into the atmosphere was about 38. 72 μ g / ( kW·h) ． The flue gas purification system of typical 300MW units was SCR + ESP + WFGD combined process，and the removal efficiency of mercury in flue gas was only 29. 71%，and mercury removal rate was not high without strengthen the mercury removal measures．
2015, 33(8): 140-142.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508032
Abstract:
A method to determine the acrylonitrile in solid waste by automatic headspace gas chromatography was established． This method adopted the automatic headspace sampling，separated by DM-FFAP chromatographic column，and detected by FID detector． The conditions such as headspace balance time and equilibrium temperature were optimized． The linear range， detection limit，addition recovery rate，sensitivity and stability were tested． Under the conditions of 80 ℃ and balance time of 30 min，the detection limit of acrylonitrile was 1. 66 μg /kg，the relative standard deviation was under 5%，and the standard addition recovery was 92. 7% ～ 101. 5%． The results showed that this method is rapid，accurate and applicable，without consumption of organic solvents，less disturbance; its simple pretreatment can meet the requirements of Identification Standards for“Hazardous Wastes-Toxic Substance Content”( GB 5085. 6—2007) ．
A method to determine the acrylonitrile in solid waste by automatic headspace gas chromatography was established． This method adopted the automatic headspace sampling，separated by DM-FFAP chromatographic column，and detected by FID detector． The conditions such as headspace balance time and equilibrium temperature were optimized． The linear range， detection limit，addition recovery rate，sensitivity and stability were tested． Under the conditions of 80 ℃ and balance time of 30 min，the detection limit of acrylonitrile was 1. 66 μg /kg，the relative standard deviation was under 5%，and the standard addition recovery was 92. 7% ～ 101. 5%． The results showed that this method is rapid，accurate and applicable，without consumption of organic solvents，less disturbance; its simple pretreatment can meet the requirements of Identification Standards for“Hazardous Wastes-Toxic Substance Content”( GB 5085. 6—2007) ．
2015, 33(8): 143-146.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508033
Abstract:
Discharge of coal mining water may affect the water environment system to some extent． Shengli Coal Mine is located in Hailar River Basin，the coal mining water was designed to be discharged into the tributaries of the Hailar River， with a designed discharge rate of 5 810. 26 m3 /d． As a man-made source of the basin，its discharge water quality，quantity， outlet，and discharge time are the key factors in water environment control． Based on the drainage water quality，the field hydrology conditions，i． e． river regime， flow，water quality，aquatic animals and plants were investigated． Using of hydrological station data and different sections of the river basin control area，flow rates processes at different points were measured by SWAT hydrological model． At the same time，effects of coal mine water on basic hydrology，water environment， groundwater， and others were analyzed． The results showed that the mining water discharged into selected inlet not only has little impact on hydrology and water environment of Hailar River Basin，but also would improve the conditions of water resources utilization．
Discharge of coal mining water may affect the water environment system to some extent． Shengli Coal Mine is located in Hailar River Basin，the coal mining water was designed to be discharged into the tributaries of the Hailar River， with a designed discharge rate of 5 810. 26 m3 /d． As a man-made source of the basin，its discharge water quality，quantity， outlet，and discharge time are the key factors in water environment control． Based on the drainage water quality，the field hydrology conditions，i． e． river regime， flow，water quality，aquatic animals and plants were investigated． Using of hydrological station data and different sections of the river basin control area，flow rates processes at different points were measured by SWAT hydrological model． At the same time，effects of coal mine water on basic hydrology，water environment， groundwater， and others were analyzed． The results showed that the mining water discharged into selected inlet not only has little impact on hydrology and water environment of Hailar River Basin，but also would improve the conditions of water resources utilization．
2015, 33(8): 147-152.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201508034
Abstract:
In situ bioreactive zone has profound application prospect for contaminated sites remediation in recent years． The efficiency of bioreactive zone was affected by contact efficiency of injection reagent and the pollutants． GMS 6. 0 was used to investigate the effects of mass scaling factor ( SFM ) and volume scaling factor ( SFv) on the contact efficiency ( Ev ) ． The simulation results indicated that Ev was positively correlated with SFM and SFv，respectively． However，SFM had slight influence on Ev ，while SFM was over 2. 0; increase rate of Ev was decrease while SFv was over 1. 5，and the transport performance of emulsified oil was impacted． Therefore，it is important for design，operation and management for the bioreactive zone to study the effects of mass scaling factor and volume scaling factor on the contact efficiency．
In situ bioreactive zone has profound application prospect for contaminated sites remediation in recent years． The efficiency of bioreactive zone was affected by contact efficiency of injection reagent and the pollutants． GMS 6. 0 was used to investigate the effects of mass scaling factor ( SFM ) and volume scaling factor ( SFv) on the contact efficiency ( Ev ) ． The simulation results indicated that Ev was positively correlated with SFM and SFv，respectively． However，SFM had slight influence on Ev ，while SFM was over 2. 0; increase rate of Ev was decrease while SFv was over 1. 5，and the transport performance of emulsified oil was impacted． Therefore，it is important for design，operation and management for the bioreactive zone to study the effects of mass scaling factor and volume scaling factor on the contact efficiency．
